Reconnecting the dots: state-terrorist relations during the Cold War
Reconnecting the dots: state-terrorist relations during the Cold War
复制标题
重新连接点：冷战期间的国家与恐怖主义关系
DOI：
10.1080/02684527.2021.2001956
复制
发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Richterova D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Richterova D
关于恐怖主义的文献随处可见。自9/11以来，学者，记者，政策制定者，从业者（甚至恐怖分子）都为现在安全研究中最深入的研究课题之一做出了贡献。[1]然而，我们对国家如何以及为什么与暴力的非国家行为者互动的理解是有限的，并且受到了意识形态的污染。[2]这是因为该领域固有的保密性。为了在非法中生存并取得成功，暴力的非国家行为者本能地保密。国家同样羞于与有争议的非国家行为者打交道担心名誉受损、谴责或尴尬。此外，与恐怖分子接触的国家机密往往与政府的官方政策形成鲜明对比，这一事实往往加强了国家机密。这种二分法也许在撒切尔时代得到了最著名的证明，当时英国首相发誓永远不与恐怖分子谈判，同时授权与麻烦的临时伊拉建立秘密渠道。[3]由于国家与恐怖分子之间的关系笼罩着厚厚的秘密面纱，我们几乎没有看到这些联系的直接证据。[4]尽管如此，在20世纪80年代，一些著名的美国记者、从业者和政治家对国家恐怖主义进行了意识形态驱动的解释。最著名和有争议的是，一些人认为莫斯科及其卫星国支持一个旨在破坏西方民主社会稳定的全球恐怖网络。[5]所谓的“恐怖网络理论”在里根政府内部得到了热烈的支持，[6]特别是国务卿亚历山大黑格和中央情报局局长比尔凯西，他们花费了大量的精力和纳税人的钱试图证实这一说法。[7]我们现在知道，这种将国家与恐怖分子关系的各个点联系起来的早期尝试是有缺陷的。铁幕的东西（或左右）国家如何以及为什么与恐怖主义互动，在某些情况下，积极支持恐怖主义的故事要复杂得多。《冷战中的恐怖主义》是一本两卷本的论文集，8代表了一项有价值的努力，根据新的历史证据重新连接了国家与非国家关系的各个点。编辑阿德里安·汉尼（Adrian Hänni）、托马斯·里格勒（Thomas Riegler）和普热米斯拉夫·加兹托尔德（Przemyslaw Gasztold）在选择案例时表现出了极大的直觉，他们能够召集近24位作者帮助拼凑出20世纪70年代和80年代“东方”和“西方”如何与暴力的非国家行为者互动的故事。9尽管该项目的广度是雄心勃勃的，编辑们设法保持他们的脚在地面上。他们展示了
The literature on terrorism is ubiquitous. Since 9/11, academics, journalists, policymakers, practitioners (and even terrorists) have contributed to what is now one of the most intensively researched subjects in security studies. 1 Yet, our understanding of how and why states interact with violent non-state actors has been limited and ideologically tainted. 2 The reason for this is the inherent secrecy that comes with the territory. To survive in illegality and achieve operational success, violent non-state actors are instinctively secretive. States are likewise shy about their dealings with controversial non-state actors–fearing reputational damage, condemnation, or embarrassment. Furthermore, state secrecy about contacts with terrorists is often reinforced by the fact that they tend to be in stark contrast with official government policies. This dichotomy was perhaps most famously demonstrated during the Thatcher era, when the British Prime Minister vowed never to negotiate with terrorists while authorising a secret back channel with the troublesome Provisional IRA. 3 Thanks to this thick veil of secrecy tightly wrapped around stateterrorist relations we have seen little direct evidence of these links. 4 Nevertheless, the 1980s saw a number of prominent American journalists, practitioners, and politicians advance ideologically driven interpretations of state-terrorism. Most famously and controversially, some argued that Moscow and its satellites were supporting a worldwide terror network aimed at destabilising Western democratic societies. 5 The so-called ‘terror network theory’found ardent supporters within the Reagan Administration, 6 not least Secretary of State Alexander Haig and CIA Director Bill Casey who spent considerable energy and taxpayer money trying to substantiate this narrative. 7 We now know that this early attempt to connect the dots on state–terrorist relations was flawed. The story of how and why states to the East and West (or to the Left and the Right) of the Iron Curtain interacted with and, in some cases, actively supported terrorism was much more complicated. Terrorism in the Cold War, a two-volume collection of essays, 8 represents a valuable effort to reconnect the dots with respect to the state-non-state nexus based on new historical evidence. The editors, Adrian Hänni, Thomas Riegler, and Przemyslaw Gasztold, have shown great instinct in their case selection and were able to call on almost two dozen authors to help piece together the story of how the ‘East’and ‘West’interacted with violent non-state actors during the 1970s and 1980s. 9 Although the project’s breadth is ambitious, the editors managed to keep their feet on the ground. They have exhibited the kind of
登录
查看更多内容
东德“斯塔西”与越南：对冷战错综复杂的历史的贡献
影响因子：
0.6
作者：
Martin Grossheim
通讯作者：
Martin Grossheim
Umkhonto We Sizwe：非国大的武装斗争
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
Toivo Asheeke
通讯作者：
Toivo Asheeke
最长的谈判：英国政策、爱尔兰共和军战略以及北爱尔兰和平解决方案的制定
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
Niall Ó Dochartaigh
通讯作者：
Niall Ó Dochartaigh
恐怖网络：国际恐怖主义的秘密战争
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1981
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
C. Sterling
通讯作者：
C. Sterling
战争、武器和恐怖分子：贝鲁特波兰军事情报站的秘密行动，1965 年至 1982 年
影响因子：
0.6
作者：
Przemysław Gasztold
通讯作者：
Przemysław Gasztold