Rural electrification, gender and the labor market: A cross-country study of India and South Africa
Rural electrification, gender and the labor market: A cross-country study of India and South Africa
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DOI：
10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.05.016
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发表时间：
2018-09
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
S. S. Rathi-S.;C. Vermaak
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. S. Rathi-S.;C. Vermaak
这项跨国研究估计了家庭电气化对印度和南非农村个人劳动力市场结果的影响，这两个发展中国家近几十年来实施了大规模的农村电气化计划。两个识别策略：倾向得分匹配和面板固定效应估计。我们专注于劳动力市场成功的三个指标：就业，收入和工作时间。我们发现，电气化提高了这两个国家的男性和女性从事有偿工作的人的年收入。在印度，男女的工作时间都更短，这表明电力提高了生产力。对于劳动力市场吸收能力较弱的南非来说，电气化没有就业效益。但是，工作的妇女从电气化的生产率提高中受益最多：她们的收入增加幅度大于男性。我们的研究结果表明，电气化的好处并不普遍，而是取决于性别角色，支持政策和经济的劳动力吸收能力。
This cross-country study estimates the effect of household electrification on labor market outcomes for rural individuals in India and South Africa, two developing countries that have implemented large-scale rural electrification schemes in recent decades. Two identification strategies are used: propensity score matching and panel fixed effects estimation. We focus on three indicators of labor market success: employment, earnings and hours worked. We find that electrification raises the annual incomes earned by those who work in paid employment, for both men and women in both countries. For India, both genders work fewer hours, suggesting that electricity raises productivity. For South Africa, where the labor market has less absorptive capacity, there is no employment benefit of electrification. But women who work benefit the most from the productivity gains of electrification: they have greater increases in earnings than men. Our findings suggest that the benefits of electrification do not accrue universally, but rather depend on gender roles, supporting policies and the labor absorptive capacity of the economy.