Hydromedusae observed during night dives in the Gulf Stream
Hydromedusae observed during night dives in the Gulf Stream
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DOI：
10.35929/rsz.0049
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发表时间：
2021-10
影响因子：
0.8
通讯作者：
P. Schuchert;Richard Collins
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Schuchert;Richard Collins
摘要/ Abstract摘要：在佛罗里达湾流海域进行了75次夜间潜水，拍摄并收集了水水母。收集到的大部分材料用于获得DNA提取物，随后用于确定部分线粒体16S rRNA基因，这是一种优先用于水螅动物的条形码标记。形态学资料和16S条形码使我们鉴定出46种和6种只能在属水平上命名的物种。本文提供了它们的照片和描述，并讨论了它们的分类和物种状况。描述了6个新种：Pandeopsis prolifera n. spec、Zanclea mayeri n. spec、Corymorpha floridana n. spec、Staurodiscus luteus n. spec、Octophialucium irregularis n. spec、Solmaris flavfinis n. spec。Wuvula Bouillon属提出了Wuvula新科，Seghers & Boero, 1988。新名称Aequorea necyanea为Zygodactyla cyanea L. Agassiz， 1862年引入，以避免与Aequorea cyanea de Blainville， 1834年的二次谐音。在20世纪的大部分时间里，Zygodactyla cyanea被认为是Aequorea forskalea psamron & Lesueur， 1810的同义词，但我们提出的论点是，它应该与后者区分开来，必须转移到Aequorea属。此处认为Otoporpa Xu & Zhang， 1978属与peantha Haeckel， 1879属同属，其模式种Otoporpa polystriata Xu & Zhang， 1978因此改为peantha polystriata （Xu & Zhang, 1978）新梳。brooksii Dipleurosoma Mayer， 1910被认为是Staurodiscus kellneri的新同义词（Mayer, 1910）；Staurodiscus heterosceles Haeckel， 1879作为Staurodiscus tetrastaurus Haeckel， 1879的新同义词；Orchistoma agariciforme Keller（1884）和Tetracannota collapsum Mayer（1900）都是Orchistoma pileus的新同义词（第1843课）。以下是印度洋-太平洋大西洋新记录种：Pandeopsis ikarii (Uchida, 1927), Aequorea taiwanensis Zheng et al., 2009；许黄郭，2014；Gastroblasta timida Keller, 1883；Cunina becki Bouillon, 1985；和多纹Pegantha polystriata （Xu & Zhang, 1978）。16S序列还使我们发现了一些与水螅阶段的新联系，如Cirrhitiara superba (Mayer, 1900), Euphysilla pyramidata Kramp, 1955， Zancleopsis dichotoma和Melicertissa mayeri Kramp， 1959。人们发现，活体水母的详细、高分辨率照片对分类学非常有用，而且大多比用浮游生物网获得的保存完好的、损坏的标本更有用。活体动物的照片也使我们能够更好地记录用于确定16S条形码的材料，并使后者可用于分类学修订。
Abstract: Hydromedusae were photographed and collected during 75 night-time dives in the Gulfstream off Florida. Most of the collected material was used to obtain DNA extracts and subsequently to determine part of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene, a barcode marker preferentially used for hydrozoans. The morphological data and the 16S barcodes permitted us to identify 46 species and 6 additional species nameable only to the genus level. Photos and descriptions are provided for all of them and the taxonomy and species status discussed. Six new species are described: Pandeopsis prolifera n. spec., Zanclea mayeri n. spec., Corymorpha floridana n. spec., Staurodiscus luteus n. spec., Octophialucium irregularis n. spec., Solmaris flavofinis n. spec. The new family Wuvulidae is proposed for the genus Wuvula Bouillon, Seghers & Boero, 1988. The new name Aequorea neocyanea is introduced for Zygodactyla cyanea L. Agassiz, 1862 to avoid a secondary homonymy with Aequorea cyanea de Blainville, 1834. Zygodactyla cyanea was considered to be a synonym of Aequorea forskalea Péron & Lesueur, 1810 for most of the 20th century, but we present arguments that it should be kept distinct from the latter and it must be transferred to the genus Aequorea. The genus Otoporpa Xu & Zhang, 1978 is regarded here as congeneric with Pegantha Haeckel, 1879 and its type species Otoporpa polystriata Xu & Zhang, 1978 is therefore changed to Pegantha polystriata (Xu & Zhang, 1978) new comb. Dipleurosoma brooksii Mayer, 1910 is recognized as a new synonym of Staurodiscus kellneri (Mayer, 1910); Staurodiscus heterosceles Haeckel, 1879 as a new synonym of Staurodiscus tetrastaurus Haeckel, 1879; Orchistoma agariciforme Keller, 1884 and Tetracannota collapsum Mayer, 1900 both as new synonyms of Orchistoma pileus (Lesson, 1843). The following Indo-Pacific species are newly recorded for the Atlantic Ocean: Pandeopsis ikarii (Uchida, 1927), Aequorea taiwanensis Zheng et al., 2009; Zygocanna apapillatus Xu, Huang & Guo, 2014; Gastroblasta timida Keller, 1883; Cunina becki Bouillon, 1985; and Pegantha polystriata (Xu & Zhang, 1978). The 16S sequences also permitted us to discover several new links with polyp stages, this for Cirrhitiara superba (Mayer, 1900), Euphysilla pyramidata Kramp, 1955, Zancleopsis dichotoma, and Melicertissa mayeri Kramp, 1959. Detailed, high resolution photos of living medusae were found to be very useful for taxonomic purposes and are mostly preferable to preserved, damaged specimens obtained with plankton nets. Photos of living animals also permit us to better document material used to determine 16S barcodes and make the latter useable for taxonomic revisions.