A modelling study for the integration of a PEMFC micro-CHP in domestic building services design
A modelling study for the integration of a PEMFC micro-CHP in domestic building services design
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DOI：
10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.03.066
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发表时间：
2018-09
期刊：
影响因子：
11.2
通讯作者：
A. Adam;E. Fraga;D. Brett
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Adam;E. Fraga;D. Brett
基于燃料电池的微型热电联产（CHP）机组用于家庭应用，可以为最终用户提供显著的成本和环境效益，并通过减少住宅的一次能源消耗，为英国2050年的排放目标做出贡献。最近，人们对设计这些系统的系统方法的发展以及它们与国内建筑服务的更顺利的集成越来越感兴趣。文献中的几个模型，无论是使用模拟还是优化方法，都忽略了系统的居住侧，并优化了单元的效率或交付功率。然而，建筑服务的设计与供暖设备的选择及其特点有关。在模型中加入住宅的能源需求和温度限制可以产生更一般的结果，可以优化整个系统，而不仅仅是微型热电联产装置。燃料电池有不同的热流，可以收集来满足住宅的热量需求，设计可以根据每个热流所需的热量比例来变化，以满足能源需求。提出了一种可处理多热源、多需求的混合整数非线性规划模型（MINLP）。该方法采用过程系统工程方法。该模型可以提供一种设计，将住宅供暖系统的温度和水流限制与燃料电池过程中的热流结合起来，同时优化二氧化碳排放总量。该模型通过不同的案例研究来证明，这些案例研究试图捕捉住房存量的可变性。与传统设计的建筑相比，预计二氧化碳排放量减少27%至30%，燃料电池的最佳容量在1.9千瓦至3.6千瓦之间。这项研究代表了向集成燃料电池微型热电联产和住宅设计迈出的重要一步。
Fuel cell based micro-combined heat and power (CHP) units used for domestic applications can provide significant cost and environmental benefits for end users and contribute to the UK’s 2050 emissions target by reducing primary energy consumption in dwellings. Lately there has been increased interest in the development of systematic methods for the design of such systems and their smoother integration with domestic building services. Several models in the literature, whether they use a simulation or an optimisation approach, ignore the dwelling side of the system and optimise the efficiency or delivered power of the unit. However the design of the building services is linked to the choice of heating plant and its characteristics. Adding the dwelling’s energy demand and temperature constraints in a model can produce more general results that can optimise the whole system, not only the micro-CHP unit. The fuel cell has various heat streams that can be harvested to satisfy heat demand in a dwelling and the design can vary depending on the proportion of heat needed from each heat stream to serve the energy demand. A mixed integer non-linear programming model (MINLP) that can handle multiple heat sources and demands is presented in this paper. The methodology utilises a process systems engineering approach. The model can provide a design that integrates the temperature and water flow constraints of a dwelling’s heating system with the heat streams within the fuel cell processes while optimising total CO 2 emissions. The model is demonstrated through different case studies that attempt to capture the variability of the housing stock. The predicted CO 2 emissions reduction compared to a conventionally designed building vary from 27% to 30% and the optimum capacity of the fuel cell ranges between 1.9 kW and 3.6 kW. This research represents a significant step towards an integrated fuel cell micro-CHP and dwelling design.