Effect of crop and soil management practices on soil compatibility in maize and groundnut plots in a Paleustult in Southeastern Nigeria
Effect of crop and soil management practices on soil compatibility in maize and groundnut plots in a Paleustult in Southeastern Nigeria
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1024809608788
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发表时间：
2003-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Agbim, NN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anikwe, MAN;Obi, ME;Agbim, NN
由于高雨滴冲击能量以及在田间作业期间贩运人口和动物，经常发生土壤压实损害，这给热带地区的农民带来了问题。在尼日利亚东南部的典型Paleustult，我们研究了一些作物和土壤管理措施（粪肥、覆盖物、氮磷钾施用、耕作和作物类型）对土壤紧实度指数（干容重、圆锥指数、土壤总孔隙度、土壤重量含水量）的影响。研究进行了连续三个种植季节，使用两种耕作制度和其他四种土壤管理措施（家禽粪便+ NPK，覆盖+ NPK，NPK单独和无修正）。这些被布置为RCB设计中的裂区，重复三次，并且使用玉米（Zea mays L.）和花生（Arachis hypogea）作为试验作物。结果表明，不同的土壤管理技术对干容重、渗透阻力、土壤总孔隙度和土壤含水量的影响主要表现在播种后44 d和66 d，而对90 d的影响仅表现在土壤含水量的影响上。在44和66 DAP，相对于免耕地，耕作玉米和花生地的干容重显著增加（P < 0.05）2 - 14%。在玉米和花生两个试验区，在44和66 DAP时，与对照区相比，家禽粪便+ NPK的试验区干容重显著降低（P < 0.05）3-10%。在44和66 DAP时，翻耕玉米和花生地块的穿透阻力比相应的免耕地块低37-45%（P < 0.05）。在44和66 DAP，相对于未修正的地块，在用家禽粪便+ NPK修正的地块中，穿透阻力测量值降低了16.5-25%。累积（1996、1997、1998）数据表明，在44和66 DAP，免耕地块相对于耕作地块，玉米和花生地块的土壤重量含水量通常显着增加（P < 0.05）18-27%。在44和66 DAP时，施用鸡粪+ NPK的土壤含水量增加了24 ~ 111%（P < 0.05）。结果表明，所有土壤紧实度指数测量不受影响，在90 DAP除了土壤重量土壤含水量在1996年和1998年。这项工作的结果表明，一些作物和土壤管理措施可以用来减少土壤紧实度问题，从而提高生产力的土壤。
Frequent occurrences of soil compaction damage resulting from high raindrop impact energy, and from human and animal trafficking during field operations pose a problem to farmers around the tropics. We studied the effect of some crop and soil management practices (manure, mulch, NPK applications, tillage and crop type) on some soil compactibility indices (dry bulk density, cone index, total soil porosity, gravimetric soil water content) in a Typic Paleustult in southeastern Nigeria. The study was carried out for three consecutive planting seasons using two tillage systems and four other soil management practices (poultry droppings + NPK, mulch + NPK, NPK alone and no amendment). These were laid out as split-plot in a RCB design replicated three times and using maize (Zea mays L.) and groundnut (Arachis hypogea) as test crops. Results indicate that the different soil management techniques adopted influenced dry bulk density, penetration resistance, total soil porosity and gravimetric soil water content at 44 and 66 days after planting (DAP) whereas only gravimetric soil water content was affected at 90 DAP. The dry bulk density of tilled maize and groundnut plots increased significantly (P < 0.05) by between 2 and 14% relative to no-till plots at 44 and 66 DAP. In both maize and groundnut plots, dry bulk density decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in plots amended with poultry droppings + NPK relative to the control plots by 3-10% at 44 and 66 DAP. Tilled maize and groundnut plots had 37-45% lower (P < 0.05) penetration resistance than their corresponding no-till plots at both 44 and 66 DAP. Penetration resistance measurements were lower by 16.5-25% in plots amended with poultry droppings + NPK relative to unamended plots at 44 and 66 DAP. Cumulative (1996, 1997, 1998) data indicate that gravimetric soil water content in maize and groundnut plots generally increased significantly (P < 0.05) in no-till plots relative to tilled plots by 18-27% at both 44 and 66 DAP. Plots amended with poultry droppings + NPK had between 24 and 111% increase (P < 0.05) in soil gravimetric soil water content at both 44 and 66 DAP. Results are indicative that all soil compactibility indices measured were not affected at 90 DAP except for soil gravimetric soil water content in 1996 and 1998. Results from this work demonstrate that some crop and soil management practices could be used to reduce soil compactibility problems thus increasing productivity of such soils.