Sponge Behavior and the Chemical Basis of Responses: A Post-Genomic View
Sponge Behavior and the Chemical Basis of Responses: A Post-Genomic View
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DOI：
10.1093/icb/icz122
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发表时间：
2019-10-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Kahn, Amanda S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Leys, Sally P.;Mah, Jasmine L.;Kahn, Amanda S.
海绵感知并对一系列刺激作出反应。尽管现在有了一系列物种的转录组和基因组，但它们是如何做到这一点的，仍然很难确定。在这里，我们评估了目前对海绵行为的理解，并提出了对海绵原位活动的新观察。我们还从海绵和其他非双边动物的基因组/转录组数据中探索海绵可利用的生物合成途径，重点探索化学信号通路介导海绵行为的作用以及这些化学信号通路如何进化。海绵幼虫对光有反应，但不使用视蛋白，也没有一个共同的光感受器分子或机制在海绵群中使用。其他线索是重力和化学物质。现场记录的行为表明，浅水和深水海绵在几分钟和几小时内都会移动很多，并且行为与温度、压力、氧气和水运动的相关性表明，至少有一种海绵会对大气压的变化做出反应。据我们所知，这些信号的传感器都是单独的细胞，除了海草的电信号外，这些细胞很可能是独立的效应器，通过刺激的全球范围到达动物的各个部位，产生全身反应。我们没有发现使用常规神经递质如血清素和多巴胺的证据。有趣的是，共生微生物合成的一些化学物质可能意味着其他更复杂的信号会发生，但这种相互作用是如何发生的还不清楚。我们的综述表明，在海绵中发现的化学信号通路并不反映更复杂的一组的丢失。
Sponges perceive and respond to a range of stimuli. How they do this is still difficult to pin down despite now having transcriptomes and genomes of an array of species. Here we evaluate the current understanding of sponge behavior and present new observations on sponge activity in situ. We also explore biosynthesis pathways available to sponges from data in genomes/transcriptomes of sponges and other non-bilaterians with a focus on exploring the role of chemical signaling pathways mediating sponge behavior and how such chemical signal pathways may have evolved. Sponge larvae respond to light but opsins are not used, nor is there a common photoreceptor molecule or mechanism used across sponge groups. Other cues are gravity and chemicals. In situ recordings of behavior show that both shallow and deep-water sponges move a lot over minutes and hours, and correlation of behavior with temperature, pressure, oxygen, and water movement suggests that at least one sponge responds to changes in atmospheric pressure. The sensors for these cues as far as we know are individual cells and, except in the case of electrical signaling in Hexactinellida, these most likely act as independent effectors, generating a whole-body reaction by the global reach of the stimulus to all parts of the animal. We found no evidence for use of conventional neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine. Intriguingly, some chemicals synthesized by symbiont microbes could mean other more complex signaling occurs, but how that interplay might happen is not understood. Our review suggests chemical signaling pathways found in sponges do not reflect loss of a more complex set.