Anthropogenic deposits from the Bronze Age site of Fondo Paviani (Verona, Italy) :pedochemical and micropedological characteristics
Anthropogenic deposits from the Bronze Age site of Fondo Paviani (Verona, Italy) :pedochemical and micropedological characteristics
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Fondo Paviani（意大利维罗纳）青铜时代遗址的人为沉积物：土壤化学和微土壤学特征
DOI：
10.1016/j.quaint.2010.10.006
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
M. Vidale
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Nicosia;C. Balista;M. Cupitò;A. Ertani;G. Leonardi;S. Nardi;M. Vidale
Fondo Paviani是一处青铜时代的考古遗址，位于威尼斯平原下部(意大利东北部)的Valli Grandi Verones地区。居民区周围环绕着护城河和四边形城墙，这是所谓的Terramare的特有结构特征，Terramare是指在青铜时代中后期和最近的青铜时代，Po河北部和南部的冲积平原上常见的村庄。在考古发掘过程中，沿着地层横断面发现了丰多帕维亚尼遗址内的深色人为沉积物。在这里，沉积的微土壤学和土壤化学特征被用作破译形成过程和沉积后改造的关键，以便重建地层中记录的人类活动和环境条件。这种重建是通过将上述分析技术与地貌、土壤学和考古学数据相结合而制定的。本研究主要围绕三条研究主线展开。首先，它调查了文化和自然机制，负责垂直堆积的人为沉积和它们的深色。其次，揭示了在青铜时代末期，即遗址人口密度下降的时期，通过垄沟制度的建立，将部分遗址内空间转化为耕地。在人口变化阶段，在陆地上将原来有人居住的地区转变为耕地的现象似乎反复出现，需要进一步调查。最后，这项研究记录了在青铜时代末期遗址被遗弃期间和之后发生的逐渐潮湿的环境条件。这一现象的特点是未经管理的护城河上的泥浆泛滥，以及随着气候条件向更潮湿的转变，Valli Grani Verones地区的泉水河流重新活跃，导致宽阔的冲积物不断沉积。
Fondo Paviani is a Bronze Age archaeological site located in the Valli Grandi Veronesi area in the lower Venetian plain (northeastern Italy). The inhabited area is surrounded by a moat and a quadrangular rampart, a structural characteristic specific to the so-called terramare, villages that were common in the alluvial plains both north and south of the Po River during the middle and recent Bronze Age. Dark-coloured anthropogenic deposits occurring inside the site of Fondo Paviani were exposed during archaeological excavations and along stratigraphic cross-sections. Here, the micropedological and pedochemical characters of the deposits have been used as a key to decipher the formation processes and post-depositional modifications involved in order to reconstruct the human activities and environmental conditions recorded in the stratigraphy. This reconstruction has been formulated by integrating the abovementioned analytical techniques with geomorphological, pedological and archaeological data. This study focuses on three main lines of research. First, it investigates the cultural and natural mechanisms responsible for the vertical accretion of anthropogenic deposits and for their dark colour. Secondly, it reveals the conversion of a part of the intra-site space to a cultivated area through the establishment of a ridge-and-furrow system in the final Bronze Age, the period in which population density of the site was decreasing. The phenomenon of the conversion of originally inhabited areas to cultivated space in terramare during phases of population change appears to be recurring and requires further investigation. Finally, this study records the occurrence of progressively wetter environmental conditions during and after the abandonment of the site in the final Bronze Age. This is marked by the overflow of muds from the un-managed moat and by the successive deposition of wide alluvial covers related to the reactivation of spring-fed rivers in the Valli Grandi Veronesi area in response to a shift towards wetter climatic conditions.