Exploring and exploiting epigenetic variation in crops
Exploring and exploiting epigenetic variation in crops
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DOI：
10.1139/g10-059
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发表时间：
2010-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Kurup, Smita
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
King, Graham J.;Amoah, Stephen;Kurup, Smita
本文综述了表观遗传变异调控植物基因调控和表型的机制。我们特别探讨了在作物遗传改良的背景下利用这些过程的范围。我们关注DNA甲基化作为表观遗传标记的作用，它有助于表观等位基因多样性和基因调控的调节。我们概述了与真核生物发育过程相关的表观遗传标记的流行和分布，特别是在特定发育阶段和对环境变化的生理反应方面，确定了这可能与作物性状相关的地方。最近的全基因组调查已经确定了植物基因组中DNA甲基化分布的特定特征。再加上对不同维持和新生甲基转移酶的作用模式有了更深入的了解，这为调节特定位点的DNA甲基化状态作为作物遗传改良的干预策略提供了机会。我们讨论了可能适合利用这种诱导的外胚珠变异的替代方法。大多数讨论与芸苔属作物有关，它们表现出相当大的形态可塑性，染色体片段重复和多倍体。
This review addresses the mechanisms by which epigenetic variation modulates plant gene regulation and phenotype. In particular we explore the scope for harnessing such processes within the context of crop genetic improvement. We focus on the role of DNA methylation as an epigenetic mark that contributes to epiallelic diversity and modulation of gene regulation. We outline the prevalence and distribution of epigenetic marks in relation to eukaryote developmental processes, and in particular identify where this may be relevant to crop traits both in terms of specific developmental stages and in relation to physiological responses to environmental change. Recent whole genome surveys have identified specific characteristics of the distribution of DNA methylation within plant genomes. Together with greater understanding of the mode of action of different maintenance and de novo methyltransferases, this provides an opportunity to modulate DNA methylation status at specific loci as an intervention strategy in crop genetic improvement. We discuss alternative approaches that may be suitable for harnessing such induced epiallelic variation. Most of the discussion is associated with Brassica crops, which demonstrate considerable morphological plasticity, segmental chromosomal duplication, and polyploidy.