Explaining facial imitation: A theoretical model
Explaining facial imitation: A theoretical model
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DOI：
10.1002/(sici)1099-0917(199709/12)6:3/4
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发表时间：
1997-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Moore, MK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Meltzoff, AN;Moore, MK
发展心理学中一个长期存在的难题是婴儿如何模仿他们看不到自己的手势（面部手势）。两个关键问题是：（a）婴儿用来检测人类行为中跨模态等效的度量标准;（B）婴儿纠正模仿错误的过程。我们解决这些问题的机制，面部模仿的详细模型。该模型可以扩展到包括其他类型的模仿。该模型利用了三个新的理论概念。首先，器官识别是婴儿将自己身体的某些部分与成人的相应部分联系起来的手段。第二，身体牙牙学语（婴儿通过自发活动获得的运动练习）提供了将运动映射到最终身体配置的经验。第三，器官关系提供了一个度量标准，婴儿和成人的行为被认为是相称的。在模仿中，婴儿试图将他们所看到的成年人展示的器官关系与他们自己感觉到的器官关系相匹配。我们展示了发展如何重构早期模仿的意义和功能。我们认为，后来的社会认知的重要方面是植根于最初的跨模态之间的自我和其他新生儿发现的等效。(C)John Wiley & Sons，Ltd.
A long-standing puzzle in developmental psychology is how infants imitate gestures they cannot see themselves perform (facial gestures). Two critical issues are: (a) the metric infants use to detect cross-modal equivalences in human acts and (b) the process by which they correct their imitative errors. We address these issues in a detailed model of the mechanisms underlying facial imitation. The model can be extended to encompass other types of imitation. The model capitalizes on three new theoretical concepts. First, organ identification is the means by which infants relate parts of their own bodies to corresponding ones of the adult's. Second, body babbling (infants' movement practice gained through self-generated activity) provides experience mapping movements to the resulting body configurations. Third, organ relations provide the metric by which infant and adult acts are perceived in commensurate terms. In imitating, infants attempt to match the organ relations they see exhibited by the adults with those they feel themselves make. We show how development restructures the meaning and function of early imitation. We argue that important aspects of later social cognition are rooted in the initial cross-modal equivalence between self and other found in newborns. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.