The orphan impact: HIV-AIDS and student test scores from sub-Saharan Africa
The orphan impact: HIV-AIDS and student test scores from sub-Saharan Africa
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DOI：
10.1080/00131911.2019.1689100
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发表时间：
2019-12-05
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Kawata, Keisuke
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blevins, Benjamin K.;Kawata, Keisuke
在撒哈拉以南非洲，5 200多万儿童生活在父母一方或双方死亡的环境中。导致父母死亡的因素包括该地区流行的疾病，包括：艾滋病毒；疟疾和其他寄生虫；下呼吸道感染；腹泻疾病;道路交通事故等等。本文考察了在撒哈拉以南非洲地区，以入学为条件的孤儿状况对男孩和女孩学习成果的影响。通过分析12个国家约60,000名学生的考试成绩，我们通过比较样本中父亲、母亲和双孤儿与非孤儿，特别是阅读、数学和艾滋病知识科目，来估计对学生考试成绩的影响。此前没有研究通过使用学生考试成绩数据来分析孤儿身份如何影响学习，这使得本文的方法在文献中是独一无二的。本研究采用两种估计技术：粗化精确匹配计算样本平均对被治疗者的治疗效果，同时对学生的家庭结构、家庭财富、学校资源和地理位置进行匹配；双套索（DL）回归应用机器学习进行变量选择，并对区域和学校标识符、学校位置和学生年龄进行高维控制。我们的研究结果表明，CEM和DL都一致报告了孤儿对特定国家考试成绩的显著负面影响，特别是那些在解决艾滋病毒/艾滋病危机方面犹豫不决的国家。
In sub-Saharan Africa over 52 million children are living with the death of one or both parents. Drivers of this parental mortality include afflictions at levels endemic to the region, including: HIV; malaria and other parasites; lower respiratory infections; diarrhoeal illnesses; and road accidents, among others. This paper examines the impact of orphanhood on learning outcomes among girls and boys in sub-Saharan Africa, conditional on school enrolment. By analysing test scores for approximately 60,000 pupils in 12 countries, we estimate the effect on student test scores by comparing paternal, maternal, and double orphans to non-orphans in the sample, specifically for the subjects of reading, mathematics, and HIV-AIDS knowledge. No previous study has analysed how orphanhood might influence learning by using student test score data, making this paper's approach unique in the literature. This study employs two estimation techniques: Coarsened exact matching calculates the sample average treatment effect on the treated, while matching on students' family structure, household wealth, school resources, and geographic location; and double lasso (DL) regression applies applying machine-learning for variable selection with high-dimensional controls for regional and school identifiers, school location, and student age. Our results show both CEM and DL consistently report a significant negative impact of orphanhood on test scores among specific countries, especially those which faltered in addressing the HIV-AIDS crisis.