Pin Structures on Low-dimensional Manifolds by

Pin Structures on Low-dimensional Manifolds by
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发表时间:
2008
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通讯作者:
R. C. Kirbyl;L. R. Taylorl
R. C. Kirbyl;L. R. Taylorl
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其他
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作者:
R. C. Kirbyl;L. R. Taylorl

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矢量丛上的 Pin 结构是自旋结构对无向丛情况的自然推广。 Spin(n) 是 SO(n) 的中心 Z/2Z 扩展(或双覆盖),Pin-en) 和 Pin+(n) 是 O(n) 的两个不同的中心扩展,尽管它们在拓扑上是相同的。将 Spin 结构放在束 e(= Rn ~ E ~ B) 上的障碍是 w2(e)eH2(B; Z/2Z);对于 Pin+ 来说,它仍然是 W2(e),对于 Pinit 来说,它是 W2(e) + w~(e)。在所有三种情况下,ei 上的结构集均受 Hl(B; Z/2Z) 作用,如果我们选择一个结构,则该选择和操作会在结构集和上同调群之间建立一对一的对应关系。也许 Pin± 结构最有用的表征(引理 1.7)是 Pin 结构对应于 eEB 检测上的自旋结构,Pin+ 对应于 eEB 3 检测上的自旋结构,其中 det e 是行列式线束。这对于各种类型的“下降”定理很有用:当 dimf/ = 1 或 2 且满足 TJ 上的各种条件时,eEB 11 上的 Pin± 结构下降到 eEB 11 上的 Pin+(或 Pinor 自旋)结构。例如,如果 TJ 是一个平凡化的线丛,那么 Pin± 结构下降到 ~(推论 1.12),这使我们能够定义 Pin± 边界群。在 Spin 情况下,e、11 和 eEB 1] 中的两个上的 Spin 结构决定了第三个上的 Spin 结构。例如,对于 1] 和 eEB 1] 和 eorientable 上的 Pin 结构来说,这是失败的,但它的版本在某些情况下成立(推论 1.15),增加了主题的复杂性。另一种下降定理将 Pin± 结构置于与特征类对偶的子流形上。因此,如果 V m l 是 Wl (TM) 的对偶且 Mm 是 Pin±,则 V rtl V 得到 Pin± 结构,并且我们有 bordism 群的同态(定理 2.5),
Pin structures on vector bundles are the natural generalization of Spin structures to the case of non-oriented bundles. Spin(n) is the central Z/2Z extension (or double cover) of SO(n) and Pin-en) and Pin+(n) are two different central extensions of O(n), although they are topologically the same. The obstruction to putting a Spin structure on a bundle e(= Rn ~ E ~ B) is w2(e)eH2(B; Z/2Z); for Pin+ it is still W2(e), and for Pinit is W2(e) + w~(e). In all three cases, the set of structures on eis acted on by Hl(B; Z/2Z) and if we choose a structure, this choice and the action sets up a one-to-one correspondence between the set of structures and the cohomology group. Perhaps the most useful characterization (Lemma 1.7) of Pin± structures is that Pinstructures on ecorrespond to Spin structures on eEB det eand Pin+ to Spin structures on eEB 3 det ewhere det eis the determinant line bundle. This is useful for a variety of "descent" theorems of the type: a Pin± structure on eEB 11 descends to a Pin+ (or Pinor Spin) structure on ewhen dimf/ = 1 or 2 and various conditions on TJ are satisfied. For example, if TJ is a trivialized line bundle, then Pin± structures descend to ~ (Corollary 1.12),.which enables us to define Pin± bordism groups. In the Spin case, Spin structures on two of e, 11 and eEB 1] determine a Spin structure on the third. This fails, for example, for Pinstructures on 1] and eEB 1] and eorientable, but versions of it hold in some cases (Corollary 1.15), adding to the intricacies of the subject. Another kind of descent theorem puts a Pin± structure on a submanifold which is dual to a characteristic class. Thus, if V m l is dual to Wl (TM) and Mm is Pin±, then V rtl V gets a Pin± structure and we have a homomorphism of bordism groups (Theorem 2.5),