Unfair Partisan Gerrymanders in Politics and Law: A Diagnostic Applied to Six Cases
Unfair Partisan Gerrymanders in Politics and Law: A Diagnostic Applied to Six Cases
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政治和法律中不公平的党派选区划分：对六起案件的诊断
DOI：
10.1089/elj.2015.0358
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Robin E. Best
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Michael D. McDonald;Robin E. Best
摘要我们提出了检测党派不公正划分选区的标准，作为一个事实的发现，并确定事实的发现是否具有法律意义。该标准基于美国宪法平等投票权的原则，并且很容易管理，因为其主要分析特征需要将一个政党的地区中位数投票百分比与其地区平均投票百分比进行比较。同样重要的是，中位数-平均数比较可以作为一个有效的指标，表明不公正划分选区是否是不公平待遇的原因。我们应用该标准，以六个涉嫌案件的选区划分，发现三个案件是不gerrymanders，三个是gerrymanders，和三个gerrymanders跨越门槛的法律的意义。
Abstract We propose standards for detecting partisan gerrymandering as a finding of fact and for determining whether the factual finding is legally significant. The standard is grounded in the U.S. constitutional principle of equal voting rights and is easily manageable inasmuch as its prime analytical feature requires comparing a party's district median vote percentage to its district mean vote percentage. Equally important, the median-mean comparison serves as an effective indicator of whether gerrymandering is the cause of the inequitable treatment. We apply the standard to six alleged cases of gerrymandering of congressional districts and find three cases are not gerrymanders, three are gerrymanders, and one of the three gerrymanders crosses the threshold to legal significance.