Thyroid hormone receptor orthologues from invertebrate species with emphasis on Schistosoma mansoni.

Thyroid hormone receptor orthologues from invertebrate species with emphasis on Schistosoma mansoni.
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DOI:
10.1186/1471-2148-7-150
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发表时间:
2007-08-29
影响因子:
3.4
通讯作者:
LoVerde PT
LoVerde PT
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wu W;Niles EG;LoVerde PT

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甲状腺激素受体(TR)作为分子开关响应甲状腺激素来调节基因转录。此前人们认为 TR 只存在于脊索动物中。我们从曼氏血吸虫中分离出两个 TR 基因,并从其他无脊椎动物中鉴定出 TR 直系同源物:扁形动物、S. japium 和 Schmidtea mediterranea、软体动物、Lottia gigantean 和节肢动物 Daphnia pulex。 DNA结合结构域和/或配体结合结构域的系统发育分析表明,无脊椎动物和脊椎动物TR聚集在一起,来自脊椎动物和无颌脊椎动物(七鳃鳗)的TR聚集在不同的亚群内,扁形动物TR聚集在脊椎动物TR亚群之外,并且血吸虫TR和地中海血吸虫TR聚集在不同的亚群内。 A/B 结构域 C 端的比对揭示了一个保守的 TR 特异性基序,称为 TR“N 端特征序列”,其共有序列为 (G/P)YIPSY(M/L)XXXGPE(D/E)X。 S. mansoni TRs 和 SmRXR1 之间异二聚体的形成表明无脊椎动物 TR 蛋白获得了与 RXR 形成异二聚体的能力。 ESMA 分析表明,SmTRα 可以作为单体或同二聚体结合到保守的 DNA 核心基序上。脊椎动物的TR基因起源于两侧对称动物的共同祖先。 TR 基因在原口目和后口目中独立地进行复制。后口动物中TR的复制发生在无颌脊椎动物和有颌脊椎动物分裂之后。在原口动物中,TR 基因在扁形动物中经历了复制,在吸虫和涡虫谱系中独立发生。以曼氏链霉菌TRs为例,无脊椎动物TRs在脊椎动物TRs出现之前表现出与RXR形成二聚体的能力,并且能够以单体或同二聚体的形式与脊椎动物TR核心DNA元件结合。
Thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) function as molecular switches in response to thyroid hormone to regulate gene transcription. TRs were previously believed to be present only in chordates. We isolated two TR genes from the Schistosoma mansoni and identified TR orthologues from other invertebrates: the platyhelminths, S. japonium and Schmidtea mediterranea, the mollusc, Lottia gigantean and the arthropod Daphnia pulex. Phylogenetic analysis of the DNA binding domain and/or ligand binding domain shows that invertebrate and vertebrate TRs cluster together, TRs from the vertebrates and from the jawless vertebrate (lamprey) clustered within separate subgroups, Platyhelminth TRs cluster outside of the vertebrate TR subgroups and that the schistosome TRs and S. mediterranea TRs clustered within separate subgroups. Alignment of the C-terminus of the A/B domain revealed a conserved TR-specific motif, termed TR 'N-terminus signature sequence', with a consensus sequence of (G/P)YIPSY(M/L)XXXGPE(D/E)X. Heterodimer formation between S. mansoni TRs and SmRXR1 suggests that the invertebrate TR protein gained the ability to form a heterodimer with RXR. ESMA analysis showed that SmTRα could bind to a conserved DNA core motif as a monomer or homodimer. Vertebrate TR genes originated from a common ancestor of the Bilateria. TR genes underwent duplication independently in the Protostomia and Deuterostomia. The duplication of TRs in deuterostomes occurred after the split of jawless and jawed vertebrates. In protostomes, TR genes underwent duplication in Platyhelminths, occurring independently in trematode and turbellarian lineages. Using S. mansoni TRs as an example, invertebrate TRs exhibited the ability to form a dimer with RXR prior to the emergence of the vertebrate TRs and were able to bind to vertebrate TR core DNA elements as a monomer or homodimer.
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