CLASSICAL-CONDITIONING IN DRUG-DEPENDENT HUMANS
CLASSICAL-CONDITIONING IN DRUG-DEPENDENT HUMANS
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb25984.x
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发表时间：
1992-06-28
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
EHRMAN, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
OBRIEN, CP;CHILDRESS, AR;EHRMAN, R
反复使用精神活性药物会产生各种习得性行为。这些可以在实验室中根据操作/经典范式进行分类，但在体内，这两种类型的学习重叠。药物产生的经典条件反射是复杂的和双向的。对条件反射类型的分类和预测已经取得了一定的进展，但其机制却知之甚少。了解大脑功能的新技术，如动物的微透析探针和人类受试者的先进成像技术（PET和SPECT），可用于条件反射范例，以”打开黑匣子“。“由于吸毒者条件反应的存在现在已经得到了很好的证实，因此已经开展了临床研究，以确定条件反应的改变是否会影响临床结果。最近完成的一项对可卡因成瘾者的研究表明，在8周的门诊治疗计划中，被动消退技术可以改善结果。
Repetitive use of psychoactive drugs produces a variety of learned behaviors. These can be classified in the laboratory according to an operant/classical paradigm, but in vivo the two types of learning overlap. The classically conditioned responses produced by drugs are complex and bi-directional. There has been progress in classifying and predicting the types of conditioned responses, but little is known of mechanisms. New techniques for understanding brain function such as micro-dialysis probes in animals and advanced imaging techniques (PET and SPECT) in human subjects may be utilized in conditioning paradigms to" open the black box." Because the existence of conditioned responses in drug users is now well established, clinical studies have been instituted to determine whether modification of conditioned responses can influence clinical outcome. A recently completed study in cocaine addicts has produced evidence that outcome can be improved by a passive extinction technique over an 8-week outpatient treatment program.