Recent developments in morphology of lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes.
Recent developments in morphology of lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes.
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DOI：
10.3400/avd.ra.11.00099
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
0.8
通讯作者：
Ohtani, Yuko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ohtani, Osamu;Ohtani, Yuko
本文综述了淋巴管的形态和体内淋巴管生成、促进淋巴管生成的微环境以及淋巴结的结构和功能。淋巴毛细血管由单层淋巴内皮细胞（LECs）组成并具有瓣膜，而集淋巴管除单层淋巴内皮细胞外还具有平滑肌细胞（SMCs）和瓣膜。在胚胎大鼠横膈膜中，LECs首先可能根据间质液流动而迁移，然后结合形成淋巴管。收集淋巴的SMCs与间充质细胞明显分化。在低氧条件下，在细胞培养插入物上培养的LECs增殖良好，形成淋巴网络。在低氧条件下，具有天然三维（3D）结构的胶原纤维网络上培养的LECs迅速形成三维淋巴网络。淋巴结作为抗原呈递细胞、淋巴抗原和从血液中募集到淋巴结的淋巴细胞相遇的关键十字路口，启动免疫反应。淋巴结由排列有上皮细胞和薄壁组织的间隙组成。淋巴结的高内皮小静脉强烈表达水通道蛋白-1，表明它们参与了通过传入淋巴管的淋巴对水的净吸收。淋巴结囊内的SMCs似乎参与了淋巴细胞和淋巴液的挤压。[J] .中华心血管病杂志，2008;48:107-112。
This paper reviews the morphology of lymphatics and lymphangiogenesis in vivo, microenvironments that promote lymphangiogenesis, and the structure and function of lymph nodes. Lymphatic capillaries consist of a single layer of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) and have valves, while collecting lymphatics are endowed with smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and valves besides a single layer of LECs. In the embryonic rat diaphragm, LECs first migrate presumably according to interstitial fluid flow and later join to form lymphatic vessels. SMCs of the collecting lymphatics are apparently differentiated from mesenchymal cells. LECs cultured on Cell Culture Inserts under a low oxygen condition proliferate very well and form a lymphatic network. LECs cultured on a collagen fiber network with a natural three-dimensional (3D) architecture under low oxygen rapidly form a 3D lymphatic network. The lymph node initiates an immune response as a critical crossroads for the encounter between antigen-presenting cells, antigens from lymph, and lymphocytes recruited into nodes from the blood. The node consists of spaces lined with LECs and parenchyma. High endothelial venules in the node strongly express Aquaporin-1, suggesting their involvement in the net absorption of water from lymph coming through afferent lymphatics. SMCs in node capsules seem to be involved in squeezing out lymphocytes and lymph. (English Translation of J Jpn Col Angiol 2008; 48: 107-112.).