Inter-Basin Transfers Extend the Benefits of Water From Forests to Population Centers Across the Conterminous US
Inter-Basin Transfers Extend the Benefits of Water From Forests to Population Centers Across the Conterminous US
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DOI：
10.1029/2021wr031537
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发表时间：
2022-05-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Carlson, Christopher P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Liu, Ning;Dobbs, G. Rebecca;Carlson, Christopher P.
来自森林的清洁水通常用于通过流域间转移向流域边界内外的社区提供饮用水。在这里，我们修改了供水压力指数（WaSSI）模型，以提供估计的平均产水量和平均流量的比例，起源于林地在12位水文单位代码尺度横跨美国（CONUS）。我们占的好处，森林的饮用水供应和接收人口通过IBT纳入一个新的IBT数据库，地表取水位置信息的公共饮用水系统，并模拟水产量从森林。我们编制了594个IBT的新数据库，范围从0.01百万立方米（3）年（-1）到89亿立方米（3）年（-1），总转移量为1168.94亿立方米（3）年（-1）。根据我们的研究结果，林地占CONUS总土地面积的28.7%，但贡献了地表水总产量的46%。约有1.255亿人从林地获得10%以上的地表饮用水供应，8 310万人从林地获得50%以上的地表饮用水供应。在从林地获得50%以上地表饮用水供应的8，310万人中，有1，940万人通过IBT获得部分（>= 0.01%）水。我们的结论是，核算IBTs是至关重要的，以准确评估森林流域的地表饮用水供应的贡献。用于评估和决策的水文模型必须包括IBT，以充分考虑气候变化和人口动态对流域到区域尺度水资源可用性的影响。这项研究的结果可以帮助水资源和森林管理人员在气候变化、人口增长和土地利用变化威胁水供应的时候制定综合流域管理计划。
Clean water from forests is commonly used to supply drinking water to communities both within and outside basin boundaries through inter-basin transfers (IBTs). Here, we modified the Water Supply Stress Index (WaSSI) model to provide estimates of mean water yield and the proportion of mean flow originating on forested lands at the 12-Digit Hydrologic Unit Code scale across the conterminous United States (CONUS). We accounted for the benefits of forests for drinking water supply and receiving populations through IBTs by incorporating a new IBT database, surface intake location information for public drinking water systems, and modeled water yield from forests. We compiled the new database of 594 IBTs ranging from 0.01 million m(3) yr(-1) to 8,900 million m(3) yr(-1), for a total transferred volume of 116,894 million m(3) yr(-1). According to our results, forested lands comprised 28.7% of the total land area across CONUS, but contributed 46% of the total surface water yield. Approximately 125.5 million people derived more than 10% of their surface drinking water supply from forested lands, and 83.1 million people received more than 50% of their surface drinking water supply from forested lands. Of those 83.1 million people receiving more than 50% of their surface drinking water supply from forested lands, 19.4 million people obtained some (>= 0.01%) of that water through IBTs. We conclude that accounting for IBTs is critical to accurately assess the contribution of forested watersheds for surface drinking water supply. Hydrologic models for assessment and decision making must include IBTs to fully account for the effects of climate change and human population dynamics on water resource availability at watershed to regional scales. Results from this study can aid water resource and forest managers in developing integrated watershed management plans at a time when climate change, population growth, and land use change threaten water supplies.