Identifying root causes of construction accidents
Identifying root causes of construction accidents
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DOI：
10.1061/(asce)0733-9364(2000)126:1(52
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发表时间：
2000-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Everett, JG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Abdelhamid, TS;Everett, JG
建筑事故调查技术和报告系统确定发生什么类型的事故以及如何发生。不幸的是，他们没有通过确定可能的抢劫原因来正确地解决事故发生的原因，这只有通过用事故因果关系理论和人为错误理论来补充这些技术才有可能。建筑业的独特性决定了需要调整许多当代事故因果关系模型和人为错误理论。本文提出了一种适合建筑业需求的欧美根源追踪模型（ARCTM）。ARCTM提出，事故的发生有三个根本原因：（1）未能确定活动开始前存在的或活动开始后发展的不安全状况;（2）工人在确定存在的不安全状况后决定继续进行工作活动;（3）决定采取不安全行动，而不管工作环境的初始条件。此外，ARCTM强调需要确定不安全条件在活动开始之前如何存在或在活动开始之后如何发展，并提出这些不安全条件是由于四个原因造成的：（1）管理行为/不行为;（2）工人或同事的不安全行为;（3）非人为事件;（4）作为初始施工现场条件的自然部分的不安全条件。因此，ARCTM承认管理层和劳动力对事故过程的可能贡献。这种观点有助于更好地解释建筑工地的事故，并确定预防工作的方向，以便劳资双方可以提供更有效的预防事故发生的措施。
Construction accident investigation techniques and reporting systems identify what type of accidents occur and how they occurred. Unfortunately, they do not properly address why the accident occurred by identifying possible loot causes, which is only possible by complementing these techniques with theories of accident causation and theories of human error. The uniqueness of the construction industry dictates the need to tailor many of the contemporary accident causation models and human error theories. This paper presents an occident root causes tracing model (ARCTM) tailored to the needs of the construction industry. ARCTM proposes that accidents occur due to three root causes: (1) Failing to identify an unsafe condition that existed before an activity was started or that developed after an activity was started; (2) deciding to proceed with a work activity after the worker identifies an existing unsafe condition; and (3) deciding to act unsafe regardless of initial conditions of the work environment. in addition, ARCTM emphasizes the need to determine how unsafe conditions exist before or develop after an activity is started and proposes that these unsafe conditions are due to four causes: (1) Management actions/inactions; (2) unsafe acts of worker or coworker; (3) non-human-related event(s); (4) an unsafe condition that is a natural part of the initial construction site conditions. Thus, ARCTM acknowledges the possible contribution of both management and labor to the accident process. This perspective helps in better explaining accidents on construction sites and in identifying areas where prevention efforts should be directed, so that labor and management may provide more effective measures for preventing accident occurrence.