Aging and strategic retrieval processes: Reducing false memories with a distinctiveness heuristic
Aging and strategic retrieval processes: Reducing false memories with a distinctiveness heuristic
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DOI：
10.1037//0882-7974.17.3.405
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发表时间：
2002-09-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Schacter, DL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dodson, CS;Schacter, DL
作者表明，策略性提取过程--独特性启发式--是减少老年人错误记忆的有效机制。受试者学习单词、图片或这两种类型的条目，然后完成一项识别测试，其中所研究的条目出现一次，而新单词出现两次。在只学习图片或图片和单词的混合学习后，年轻人和老年人错误地识别重复出现的新单词的次数比学习单词的参与者要少。研究图片为在识别测试中使用识别性启发式提供了基础：个体推断，图片信息缺乏记忆表明一项物品是“新的”。
The authors show that a strategic retrieval process-the distinctiveness heuristic-is a powerful mechanism for reducing false memories in the elderly. Individuals studied words, pictures, or both types of items and then completed a recognition test on which the studied items appeared once, whereas the new words appeared twice. After studying either pictures only or a mixture of pictures and words, both younger and older adults falsely recognized fewer repeated new words than did participants who studied words. Studying pictures provided a basis for using a distinctiveness heuristic during the recognition test: Individuals inferred that the absence of memory for picture information indicates that an item is "new."