Toxoplasma gondii infection in the United States:: Seroprevalence and risk factors
Toxoplasma gondii infection in the United States:: Seroprevalence and risk factors
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DOI：
10.1093/aje/154.4.357
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发表时间：
2001-08-15
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
McAuley, JB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jones, JL;Kruszon-Moran, D;McAuley, JB
当弓形虫是先天感染或在免疫抑制的人群中重新激活时，感染弓形虫可引起严重疾病。为了确定美国人口代表性样本中弓形虫感染的流行程度，作者测试了第三次全国健康与营养调查（1988-1994）参与者的血清中弓形虫免疫球蛋白G抗体。在27,145名年龄大于或等于12岁的人中，有17,658人（65%）进行了血清检测。总年龄调整血清患病率为22.5%(95%可信区间（CI）： 21.1, 23.9)；在15-44岁的女性中，血清阳性率为15.0% （95% CI: 13.2, 17.0）。年龄调整后的血清患病率在东北部（29.2%）高于南部（22.8%）、中西部（20.5%）和西部（17.5%）（p < 0.05）。在多变量分析中，弓形虫感染的风险随着年龄的增长而增加，在外国出生的人、受教育程度较低的人、生活在拥挤环境中的人以及从事与土壤有关的职业的人中风险更高，尽管在子集分析中，风险类别因种族/民族而异。美国近四分之一的成年人和青少年感染了弓形虫。在美国，大多数育龄妇女都容易受到急性感染，应该接受有关如何尽量减少接触弓形虫的教育。
Infection with Toxoplasma gondii can cause severe illness when the organism is contracted congenitally or when it is reactivated in immune-suppressed persons. To determine the prevalence of T. gondii infection in a representative sample of the US population, the authors tested sera from participants in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994) for immunoglobulin G antibodies to T gondii. Of 27,145 persons aged greater than or equal to 12 years, 17,658 (65%) had sera tested. The overall age-adjusted seroprevalence was 22.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): 21.1, 23.9); among women aged 15-44 years, seroprevalence was 15.0% (95% CI: 13.2, 17.0). Age-adjusted seroprevalence was higher in the Northeast (29.2%) than in the South (22.8%), Midwest (20.5%), or West (17.5%) (p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, risk for T gondii infection increased with age and was higher among persons who were foreign-born, persons with a lower educational level, those who lived in crowded conditions, and those who worked in soil-related occupations, although in subset analyses risk categories varied by race/ethnicity. Nearly one quarter of adults and adolescents in the United States have been infected with T gondii. Most women of childbearing age in the United States are susceptible to acute infection and should be educated about ways to minimize exposure to T gondii.