On the use of uh and um in American English
On the use of uh and um in American English
复制标题
浅谈美式英语中 uh 和 um 的使用
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
G. Tottie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Tottie
本研究考察了14个会话中uh和um的使用情况。来自圣巴巴拉美国英语口语语料库的62,350个单词。在英国国家语料库中，UHM的出现频率远低于英国英语，每百万单词中有7.5例对14.5例。然而，在英国英语中，UHM的使用频率与语言外语境密切相关。非私人环境（如办公室和教室）中的对话频率高于私人空间（主要是家庭）中的对话频率。规划所需的时间，特别是在讨论困难问题时，似乎是一个重要的解释因素。很明显，UHM不能仅仅被视为犹豫或不流利而被忽视;它作为一个语用标记的功能与well相当，你知道，我的意思是，在话语中分享这些功能的一些功能。虽然社会语言学因素的作用不太清楚，老年人和受过教育的发言者使用UHM的倾向比年轻人和受教育程度较低的人更频繁地使用英国用法，但与英国用法相反，没有性别差异。
This study examines the use of uh and um — referred to jointly as UHM — in 14 conversations totaling c. 62,350 words from the Santa Barbara Corpus of Spoken American English. UHM was much less frequent than in British English with 7.5 vs. 14.5 instances per million words in the British National Corpus. However, as in British English the frequency of UHM was closely correlated to extra-linguistic context. Conversations in non-private environments (such as offices and classrooms) had higher frequencies than those taking place in private spaces, mostly homes. Time required for planning, especially when difficult subjects were discussed, appeared to be an important explanatory factor. It is clear that UHM cannot be dismissed as mere hesitation or disfluency; it functions as a pragmatic marker on a par with well, you know, and I mean, sharing some of the functions of these in discourse. Although the role of sociolinguistic factors was less clear, the tendencies for older speakers and educated speakers to use UHM more frequently than younger and less educated ones paralleled British usage, but contrary to British usage, there were no gender differences.