Human milk: a source of more life than we imagine
Human milk: a source of more life than we imagine
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DOI：
10.3920/bm2012.0040
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发表时间：
2013-03-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Martin, R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jeurink, P. V.;van Bergenhenegouwen, J.;Martin, R.
自20世纪70年代以来，人乳中存在细菌这一事实已得到认可。长期以来，人乳的微生物分析仅在感染的情况下才会进行，因此非致病性细菌的存在尚不为人知。在过去的几十年中，更先进的依赖培养和不依赖培养的技术的应用，以及组学方法的稳步发展，开启了“母乳微生物组”这一新概念，它是一个比先前预期具有更大多样性的复杂生态系统。在这篇综述中，讨论了细菌到达乳腺的可能机制（污染与主动迁移）。此外，还总结了人乳对婴儿和母亲健康的潜在作用。为了在妊娠和哺乳领域开辟新途径，需要更好地理解母乳微生物组与健康益处之间的联系、影响这种关系的潜在因素以及它是否会受到营养的影响。
The presence of bacteria in human milk has been acknowledged since the seventies. For a long time, microbiological analysis of human milk was only performed in case of infections and therefore the presence of non-pathogenic bacteria was yet unknown. During the last decades, the use of more sophisticated culture-dependent and -independent techniques, and the steady development of the -omic approaches are opening up the new concept of the 'milk microbiome', a complex ecosystem with a greater diversity than previously anticipated. In this review, possible mechanisms by which bacteria can reach the mammary gland (contamination versus active migration) are discussed. In addition, the potential roles of human milk for both infant and maternal health are summarised. A better understanding of the link between the milk microbiome and health benefit, the potential factors influencing this relationship and whether or not it can be influenced by nutrition is required to open new avenues in the field of pregnancy and lactation.