Molecular Characterization of FLOWERING LOCUS T-Like Genes of Apple (Malusdomestica Borkh.)
Molecular Characterization of FLOWERING LOCUS T-Like Genes of Apple (Malusdomestica Borkh.)
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DOI：
10.1093/pcp/pcq021
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发表时间：
2010-04-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Abe, Kazuyuki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kotoda, Nobuhiro;Hayashi, Hidehiro;Abe, Kazuyuki
苹果（Malusapartica Borkh.）的两个类似于FLOWLOCUS T（FT）的基因，MdFT 1和MdFT 2已被分离和表征。MdFT 1和MdFT 2分别定位在具有部分同源性的不同连锁群（LG）上，LG 12和LG 4。MdFT 1和MdFT 2的表达模式不同，MdFT 1主要在成年期结果枝的顶芽中表达，在幼枝组织中表达很少，而MdFT 2主要在生殖器官中表达，包括花芽和幼果。另一方面，这两个基因都有可能诱导提早开花，因为异位表达MdFT 1或MdFT 2的转基因拟南芥开花早于野生型植物。此外，MdFT 1的过表达赋予苹果早熟开花，改变了其他内源基因的表达，如MdMADS 12。这些结果表明，MdFT 1可以通过改变这些基因的表达来促进开花，至少，其他基因可能在苹果开花的调控中也发挥重要作用。果树的幼年期长，妨碍了早熟和有效的繁殖。我们的研究结果将有助于揭示开花的分子机制，并开发缩短包括苹果在内的各种果树童期的方法。
The two FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT)-like genes of apple (Malusdomestica Borkh.), MdFT1 and MdFT2, have been isolated and characterized. MdFT1 and MdFT2 were mapped, respectively, on distinct linkage groups (LGs) with partial homoeology, LG 12 and LG 4. The expression pattern of MdFT1 and MdFT2 differed in that MdFT1 was expressed mainly in apical buds of fruit-bearing shoots in the adult phase, with little expression in the juvenile tissues, whereas MdFT2 was expressed mainly in reproductive organs, including flower buds and young fruit. On the other hand, both genes had the potential to induce early flowering since transgenic Arabidopsis, which ectopically expressed MdFT1 or MdFT2, flowered earlier than wild-type plants. Furthermore, overexpression of MdFT1 conferred precocious flowering in apple, with altered expression of other endogenous genes, such as MdMADS12. These results suggest that MdFT1 could function to promote flowering by altering the expression of those genes and that, at least, other genes may play an important role as well in the regulation of flowering in apple. The long juvenile period of fruit trees prevents early cropping and efficient breeding. Our findings will be useful information to unveil the molecular mechanism of flowering and to develop methods to shorten the juvenile period in various fruit trees, including apple.