Milk of nonhuman origin and infectious diseases in humans
Milk of nonhuman origin and infectious diseases in humans
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DOI：
10.1086/507035
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发表时间：
2006-09-01
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Leedom, John M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Leedom, John M.
来自家畜的牛奶和奶制品具有潜在的传染性危险，现代牛奶生产使其更具传染性，因为来自成千上万只动物的牛奶在装瓶或生产衍生产品之前经常被混合在一起。因此，来自一只动物的受污染的牛奶可能导致广泛的问题。巴氏灭菌法在很大程度上消除了这种危害。大多数由牛奶污染引起的疾病传播已通过卫生生产措施和巴氏消毒消除。然而，巴氏灭菌后可能会发生污染，而且没有任何一种方法总是完美的。尽管科学观点认为，巴氏消毒的产品比生奶更安全，而且同样有营养，但仍有一部分人认为生奶比巴氏消毒的产品更有营养，口感更好。因此，在美国和其他发达国家，原料奶的消费量一直很低。由于原料奶的食用或巴氏灭菌产品生产过程中出现故障而引起的与牛奶有关的疾病偶尔爆发仍然时有发生。
Milk and milk products from domestic animals, which are potential infectious hazards, are made more so by modern milk production, because milk from thousands of animals is often pooled prior to bottling or before manufacturing derivative products. Thus, contaminated milk from 1 animal can result in a widespread problem. Pasteurization largely eliminates this hazard. Most disease transmission caused by contamination of the milk supply has been eliminated by hygienic production measures and pasteurization. However, contamination may occur after pasteurization, and no process works perfectly all of the time. Despite scientific opinion that pasteurized products are safer than raw ones - and are equally nutritious - segments of the population regard raw milk products as more nutritious and better tasting than pasteurized milk products. Thus, low levels of raw milk consumption persist in the United States and other developed nations. Occasional milk-associated disease outbreaks caused by raw milk consumption or by breakdowns in the proper production of pasteurized products still occur.