Using Web3D technologies for visualization and search of signs in an international sign language dictionary
Using Web3D technologies for visualization and search of signs in an international sign language dictionary
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使用 Web3D 技术对国际手语词典中的符号进行可视化和搜索
DOI：
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发表时间：
2007
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Marco Coppo
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文献类型：
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作者：
Fabio Buttussi;L. Chittaro;Marco Coppo
手语是聋人用来交流的视觉语言。与口语一样，手语因国家而异，有自己的词汇和语法。因此，不同的聋人社区需要一本将手语与他们国家的口语单词联系起来的词典，以及将手语翻译成另一种手语的词典。一些研究人员提出了特定国家的手语多媒体词典，但只有少数几个多语言词典的建议。此外，目前的多媒体词典受到严重的限制。它们中的大多数仅允许字到符号搜索，而它们中的仅少数利用符号参数（即，手形、方向、位置和移动）以允许符号到单词搜索。当前的解决方案通常还使用图片或视频来表示标志及其参数，但2D图像通常会误导正确的识别（例如，由于遮挡，识别手形可能非常困难）。本文旨在面对上述问题，利用Web 3D技术，如X3 D和H-Anim人形，以更好地理解符号，并简化符号到单词和符号到符号的搜索，提出了一个在线国际手语词典，称为3DictSL。本文介绍了客户端-服务器架构的3DictSL和创作工具，允许聋人社区扩展自己的语言的字典。作为一个实际的案例研究，本文讨论了意大利手语（LIS）的实施。
Sign languages are visual languages used by deaf people to communicate. As with spoken languages, sign languages vary among countries and have their own vocabulary and grammar. Therefore, the different deaf communities need a dictionary that associates signs to the words of the spoken language of their country as well as dictionaries which translate signs from a sign language to another. Several researchers proposed multimedia dictionaries for sign languages of specific countries, but there are only a few proposals of multilanguage dictionaries. Moreover, current multimedia dictionaries suffer from serious limitations. Most of them allow only for a word-to-sign search, while only a few of them exploit sign parameters (i.e., handshape, orientation, location, and movement) to allow for a sign-to-word search. Current solutions also commonly use pictures or videos to represent signs and their parameters, but 2D images are often misleading for a correct identification (e.g., recognizing an handshape can be very difficult due to occlusions). This paper aims at facing the above described issues, exploiting Web3D technologies such as X3D and H-Anim humanoids to better understand signs and to simplify sign-to-word and sign-to-sign search, by proposing an online international sign language dictionary, called 3DictSL. The paper presents the client-server architecture of 3DictSL and authoring tools which allow deaf communities to extend the dictionary with their own language. As a practical case study, the paper discusses the implementation of Italian Sign Language (LIS).