Higher diversity and abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea than bacteria detected at the Bayon Temple of Angkor Thom in Cambodia
Higher diversity and abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea than bacteria detected at the Bayon Temple of Angkor Thom in Cambodia
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ibiod.2016.08.021
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发表时间：
2016-11-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Gu, Ji-Dong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Meng, Han;Luo, Ling;Gu, Ji-Dong
氨氧化古菌（AOA）和细菌（AOB）是两组氨氧化微生物，负责将氨转化为亚硝酸盐，产生酸性并破坏建筑材料，包括宝贵的文化遗产石结构。本研究利用古菌和细菌amoA基因的分子生物标记物，采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）和实时荧光定量（RT）PCR（qPCR）技术，对柬埔寨吴哥窟巴戎寺4个地点（池塘、入口、廊道和中心塔）的AOA和AOB丰度进行了检测。结果表明，AOA和AOB在各站位均呈阳性，AOA的多样性指数高于AOB。AOA序列主要分布在类群I.1b，很少聚在类群I.1a和类群I.1a相关的类群中，而AOB序列均与β-变形菌（Nitrosospira）密切相关。基于qPCR结果，AOA明显多于AOB，AOA amoA基因的基因拷贝数范围为1.35 × 10（6）至2.52 × 10（8）拷贝/克干材料，而相比之下，AOB amoA基因拷贝数范围为6.54 × 10（5）至4.52 × 10（6）拷贝/克干材料。此外，画廊中amoA基因的丰度最高。廊道段基因丰度、NH 4+和NO3-与生物膜形成强度一致。基于群落和丰度分析，氮循环在柬埔寨吴哥通的砂岩古迹在热带气候条件下的退化中起着重要的作用。(C)2016爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有
Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) are two groups of the ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms responsible for conversion of ammonia to nitrite, producing acidity and damaging building materials, including valuable cultural heritage stone structures. In this study, the molecular biomarker of amoA gene of archaea and bacteria was applied in polymerase chain- reaction (PCR) amplification and quantitative real-time (RT) PCR (qPCR) to detect the abundance of AOA and AOB at 4 locations (Pond, Entrance, Gallery and Central Tower) of Bayon temple at Angkor Thom, Cambodia. The results showed that both AOA and AOB were positively detected at all locations and the diversity index suggested that AOA were more diverse than AOB. Sequences of AOA were mainly distributed in Group I.1b and few clustered in Group I.1a and Group I.1a-associated, while AOB were all closely related to beta-proteobacteria (Nitrosospira). Based on the qPCR results, AOA outnumbered AOB clearly, the gene copy numbers of AOA amoA gene ranged from 1.35 x 10(6) to 2.52 x 10(8) copies per gram of dry materials, while, in comparison, AOB amoA gene copy numbers from 6.54 x 10(5) to 4.52 x 10(6) copies per gram of dry materials. In addition, the abundance of amoA gene from galleries was the highest than other locations. At gallery section, gene abundance, NH4+ and NO3- agreed well with the intensity of biofilm development. Based on the community and abundance analysis, nitrogen cycling plays an important role in contributing to deterioration of sandstone monuments at Angkor Thom in Cambodia under tropical climate. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.