Effective Thermodynamics for a Marginal Observer.
Effective Thermodynamics for a Marginal Observer.
复制标题
边缘观察者的有效热力学。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
8.6
通讯作者：
M. Esposito
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Polettini;M. Esposito
热力学通常是建立在这样的假设之上的：观察者拥有关于他或她所处理的系统的完整信息：没有寄生电流，驱动系统的力的精确估计。例如，广受好评的涨落关系（FR），与时间向前和时间向后的轨迹的概率有关，假设可测量的转变足以将过程描述为马尔可夫过程（在我们的情况下，是连续时间跳跃过程）。然而，大多数情况下，观察者只能测量边际电流。我们表明，他或她仍然会产生一个有效的描述，不免除热力学的基本原理，包括FR和第二定律。我们的结果基于动力学隐藏时间反演的数学构造，以及观察到的电流仅占系统配置空间中的单个跃迁的物理要求。我们采用一个简单的抽象的例子来说明我们的结果，并讨论推广的可行性。
Thermodynamics is usually formulated on the presumption that the observer has complete information about the system he or she deals with: no parasitic current, exact evaluation of the forces that drive the system. For example, the acclaimed fluctuation relation (FR), relating the probability of time-forward and time-reversed trajectories, assumes that the measurable transitions suffice to characterize the process as Markovian (in our case, a continuous-time jump process). However, most often the observer only measures a marginal current. We show that he or she will nonetheless produce an effective description that does not dispense with the fundamentals of thermodynamics, including the FR and the 2nd law. Our results stand on the mathematical construction of a hidden time reversal of the dynamics, and on the physical requirement that the observed current only accounts for a single transition in the configuration space of the system. We employ a simple abstract example to illustrate our results and to discuss the feasibility of generalizations.