Using demand mapping to assess the benefits of urban green and blue space in cities from four continents
Using demand mapping to assess the benefits of urban green and blue space in cities from four continents
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147238
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发表时间：
2021-04-30
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Jones, Laurence
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fletcher, David H.;Likongwe, Patrick J.;Jones, Laurence
城市绿色和蓝色基础设施(UGI)的好处得到了广泛的讨论，但很少考虑到当地的条件或背景。虽然评估越来越多地考虑到对UGI提供的生态系统服务的需求，但它们往往只绘制高温或空气污染等压力的空间模式，并且缺乏对受益者所在位置和谁将受益最大的更广泛的了解。我们对来自四大洲的五个城市的UGI进行了评估，这些城市的气候、社会政治背景和规模都不同。对于三种服务(空气污染消除、热缓解、无障碍绿地)，我们进行了一项评估，考虑到社会经济对生态系统服务的需求的空间模式，并根据脆弱性评估的原则制定了反映当地情况的衡量标准。尽管UGI的总体水平相似(从城市足迹的35%到50%)，但不同城市提供的服务数量有很大差异。总降温范围从0.44摄氏度(莱斯特)到0.98摄氏度(麦德林)，而污染去除从488公斤PM2.5/年(Zomba)到48,400公斤PM2.5/年(达卡)。能够进入附近绿地的人口比例从82%(达卡)到100%(宗巴人)不等。城市内压力、生态系统服务和最大效益的空间模式不一定匹配，这对在城市中规划UGI的最佳位置有影响。(C)2021年爱思唯尔B.V.保留所有权利。
The benefits of urban green and blue infrastructure (UGI) are widely discussed, but rarely take into account local conditions or contexts. Although assessments increasingly consider the demand for the ecosystem services that UGI provides, they tend to only map the spatial pattern of pressures such as heat, or air pollution, and lack a wider understanding of where the beneficiaries are located and who will benefit most. We assess UGI in five cities from four continents with contrasting climate, socio-political context, and size. For three example services (air pollution removal, heat mitigation, accessible greenspace), we run an assessment that takes into account spatial patterns in the socio-economic demand for ecosystem services and develops metrics that reflect local context, drawing on the principles of vulnerability assessment. Despite similar overall levels of UGI (from 35 to 50% of urban footprint), the amount of service provided differs substantially between cities. Aggregate cooling ranged from 0.44 degrees C (Leicester) to 0.98 degrees C (Medellin), while pollution removal ranged from 488 kg PM2.5/yr (Zomba) to 48,400 kg PM2.5/yr (Dhaka). Percentage population with access to nearby greenspace ranged from 82% (Dhaka) to 100% (Zomba). The spatial patterns of pressure, of ecosystem service, and of maximum benefit within a city do not necessarily match, and this has implications for planning optimum locations for UGI in cities.(c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.