Characterization of the antimicrobial peptide attacin loci from Glossina morsitans.
Characterization of the antimicrobial peptide attacin loci from Glossina morsitans.
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Glossina morsitans 抗菌肽 attacin 位点的表征。
DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2583.2008.00805.x
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发表时间：
2008
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Aksoy,S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang,J;Hu,C;Wu,Y;Stuart,A;Amemiya,C;Berriman,M;Toyoda,A;Hattori,M;Aksoy,S
抗菌肽Attacin是一种免疫效应分子，可以抑制革兰氏阴性菌的生长。在作为非洲锥虫唯一载体的Glossina morsitans morsitans中，附着蛋白也在锥虫抗性中发挥作用，并在感染个体中维持寄生虫数量在稳态水平。我们从细菌人工染色体（BAC）文库中鉴定了attacin编码位点。Theattacingenes被组织成三个集群。簇1包含位于头对头方向的两个attacin（attA）基因，簇2包含位于类似转录方向的两个密切相关的基因（attA和dattB），簇3包含单个attacingene（attD）。attA和dattB的编码和转录调控序列几乎相同，但与mattD有显著差异。推定的AttA和AttB具有信号肽序列，但缺乏通常存在于昆虫附着蛋白中的前结构域。假定的AttD缺乏这两个域。对附着基因DNA序列的分析表明，多态性可能来自等位基因变异或额外附着基因组位点的存在。真实的时间-PCR分析表明，attA和attB的表达被诱导的脂肪体与大肠杆菌挑战和寄生锥虫。在中肠，theseattacinsis的表达同样诱导以下微生物的挑战，但减少响应寄生虫感染。AttD的转录相对于其他两个基因显著较少，并且优先在寄生蝇的脂肪体中诱导。这些结果表明，不同的attacingenes可能是差异调节。
The antimicrobial peptide Attacin is an immune effector molecule that can inhibit the growth of gram‐negative bacteria. InGlossina morsitans morsitans, which serves as the sole vectors of African trypanosomes, Attacins also play a role in trypanosome resistance, and in maintaining parasite numbers at homeostatic levels in infected individuals. We characterized theattacinencoding loci from a Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) library. Theattacingenes are organized into three clusters. Cluster 1 contains twoattacin(attA) genes located in head‐to‐head orientation, cluster 2 contains two closely related genes (attAandattB) located in a similar transcriptional orientation, and cluster 3 contains a singleattacingene (attD). Coding and transcription regulatory sequences ofattAandattBare nearly identical, but differ significantly fromattD. Putative AttA and AttB have signal peptide sequences, but lack the pro domain typically present in insect Attacins. Putative AttD lacks both domains. Analysis ofattacincDNA sequences shows polymorphisms that could arise either from allelic variations or from the presence of additionalattacingenomic loci. Real time‐PCR analysis reveals thatattA and attBexpression is induced in the fat body of fliesper oschallenged withEscherichia coliand parasitized with trypanosomes. In the midgut, expression of theseattacinsis similarly induced following microbial challenge, but reduced in response to parasite infections. Transcription ofAttDis significantly less relative to the other two genes, and is preferentially induced in the fat body of parasitized flies. These results indicate that the differentattacingenes may be differentially regulated.