Low trabecular bone density in recent sedentary modern humans
Low trabecular bone density in recent sedentary modern humans
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DOI：
10.1002/ajpa.23138
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发表时间：
2017-03-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Potts, Richard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chirchir, Habiba;Ruff, Christopher B.;Potts, Richard
目的 对有限数量样本的研究表明，与全新世觅食者相比，久坐的全新世农业人群特定关节内的小梁骨密度（即骨体积分数，BVF）较低，这意味着活动水平对小梁 BVF 有显着影响。然而，目前尚不清楚不同活动水平的群体之间 BVF 的差异程度以及这种现象在多个肢体关节中的普遍程度。在这里，我们测试了两个假设：（i）与活跃人群相比，久坐人群的肢体关节 BVF 较低； (ii) 这些下降在下肢中更为均匀（因为它与活动性更直接），而在上肢中变化更大。材料和方法我们使用 pQCT（外周定量计算机断层扫描）估计了 5 个全新世人口样本的 7 个下肢和上肢关节的 BVF，这些样本的生存策略涵盖从觅食到园艺到工业。结果两种假设都得到了很大程度上支持。首先，与久坐的群体相比，最活跃的群体在大多数肢体元素中的 BVF 显着更高。其次，所有久坐人群的下肢 BVF 都相对相似（且较低），但上肢关节的变化更大。结论这些结果表明，与农业和工业化的采用相关的活动水平下降显着导致了近代现代人类 BVF 的减少，但特定的行为变化，特别是上肢的行为变化，也影响了这些模式。
ObjectivesResearch on a limited number of samples suggests that trabecular bone density (i.e., bone volume fraction, BVF) within specific articulations is lower among more sedentary Holocene agricultural populations compared with Holocene foragers, implying that activity levels have a significant effect on trabecular BVF. However, it is unclear to what extent BVF differs among groups with varying activity levels and how general this phenomenon is across multiple limb articulations. Here, we test two hypotheses that: (i) sedentary populations have lower BVF compared with active populations across limb articulations; and (ii) these declines are more uniform in the lower limb (because of its more direct relationship to mobility), and more variable in the upper limb.Materials and MethodsWe estimated BVF in seven lower and upper limb articulations of five Holocene population samples with subsistence strategies spanning from foraging through horticultural to industrial using pQCT (peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography).ResultsBoth hypotheses are largely supported. First, the most active groups have significantly greater BVF in most limb elements compared with more sedentary groups. Second, all sedentary groups have relatively similar (and lower) BVF in the lower limb but show more variation in upper limb articulations.ConclusionsThese results suggest that a decline in activity levels associated with the adoption of agriculture and industrialization significantly contributed to the reduction in BVF in recent modern humans, but specific behavioral changes, particularly in the upper limb, also affected these patterns.