How Lovebirds Maneuver Rapidly Using Super-Fast Head Saccades and Image Feature Stabilization.
How Lovebirds Maneuver Rapidly Using Super-Fast Head Saccades and Image Feature Stabilization.
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Lovebirds如何使用超快速的头部扫视和图像稳定迅速操纵。
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0129287
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Lentink D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kress D;van Bokhorst E;Lentink D
白天飞行的动物（例如鸟类）在执行目标导向的飞行任务时主要依靠视觉来协调其飞行路径。为了提取周围环境的空间结构，鸟类被认为使用主要由头部运动引起的视网膜图像运动（光流）。目前尚不清楚鸟类在快速机动飞行期间（在飞行模式之间不断切换）时会采取哪些凝视行为来支持视觉运动控制。为了分析这一点，我们测量了快速转动的爱情鸟在一项目标导向任务中的注视行为：起飞并飞离栖息地，立即转弯，然后飞回并降落在同一栖息地。高速飞行记录显示，快速转动的爱情鸟表现出一种显着的刻板凝视行为，头部扫视峰值可达每秒 2700 度，与昆虫一样快，这是由快速的颈部肌肉实现的。在眼跳之间，注视方向保持不变。通过比较扫视和翼拍阶段，我们发现当横向视野被机翼遮挡时，这些超快的扫视与下划动作是协调的。因此，爱情鸟通过损害视力的行为来最大化视觉感知，这有助于协调机动。在转弯之前，爱情鸟在视觉中线保持高对比度边缘。同样，在着陆之前，爱情鸟会将栖息处的中心稳定在它们的视觉中线。鸟类着陆的栖息处会摆动，就像风中的树枝一样，我们发现栖息处的视网膜大小是开始着陆的最简洁的视觉提示。我们的观察表明，快速机动的鸟类使用精确定时的刻板凝视行为，包括快速头部转动和正面特征稳定，这有助于基于光流的飞行控制。据报道，视觉导航人类也有类似的凝视行为。这一发现可以激发更有效的基于视觉的无人机自动驾驶仪。
Diurnal flying animals such as birds depend primarily on vision to coordinate their flight path during goal-directed flight tasks. To extract the spatial structure of the surrounding environment, birds are thought to use retinal image motion (optical flow) that is primarily induced by motion of their head. It is unclear what gaze behaviors birds perform to support visuomotor control during rapid maneuvering flight in which they continuously switch between flight modes. To analyze this, we measured the gaze behavior of rapidly turning lovebirds in a goal-directed task: take-off and fly away from a perch, turn on a dime, and fly back and land on the same perch. High-speed flight recordings revealed that rapidly turning lovebirds perform a remarkable stereotypical gaze behavior with peak saccadic head turns up to 2700 degrees per second, as fast as insects, enabled by fast neck muscles. In between saccades, gaze orientation is held constant. By comparing saccade and wingbeat phase, we find that these super-fast saccades are coordinated with the downstroke when the lateral visual field is occluded by the wings. Lovebirds thus maximize visual perception by overlying behaviors that impair vision, which helps coordinate maneuvers. Before the turn, lovebirds keep a high contrast edge in their visual midline. Similarly, before landing, the lovebirds stabilize the center of the perch in their visual midline. The perch on which the birds land swings, like a branch in the wind, and we find that retinal size of the perch is the most parsimonious visual cue to initiate landing. Our observations show that rapidly maneuvering birds use precisely timed stereotypic gaze behaviors consisting of rapid head turns and frontal feature stabilization, which facilitates optical flow based flight control. Similar gaze behaviors have been reported for visually navigating humans. This finding can inspire more effective vision-based autopilots for drones.
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影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Geurten, Bart R. H.;Kern, Roland;Egelhaaf, Martin
通讯作者：
Egelhaaf, Martin
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1314311110
发表时间：
2013-11-12
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Baird, Emily;Boeddeker, Norbert;Srinivasan, Mandyam V.
通讯作者：
Srinivasan, Mandyam V.
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2009.2326
发表时间：
2010-06-22
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Boeddeker, Norbert;Dittmar, Laura;Egelhaaf, Martin
通讯作者：
Egelhaaf, Martin
影响因子：
9.2
作者：
Bhagavatula, Partha S.;Claudianos, Charles;Srinivasan, Mandyam V.
通讯作者：
Srinivasan, Mandyam V.
影响因子：
7.4
作者：
Eilers, PHC
通讯作者：
Eilers, PHC