Picky ABCG5/G8 and promiscuous ABCG2 - a tale of fatty diets and drug toxicity.

Picky ABCG5/G8 and promiscuous ABCG2 - a tale of fatty diets and drug toxicity.
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DOI:
10.1002/1873-3468.13938
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发表时间:
2020-12
期刊:
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
Lee JY
Lee JY
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Khunweeraphong N;Mitchell-White J;Szöllősi D;Hussein T;Kuchler K;Kerr ID;Stockner T;Lee JY

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ABCG 5/G8和ABCG 2的结构数据揭示了亚家族G ATP结合盒(ABCG)转运蛋白的独特分子结构,并揭示了推定的底物结合位点。ABCG 5/G8和ABCG 2似乎使用几个独特的结构基序来执行运输,包括三重螺旋束,膜嵌入极性中继,再入螺旋和疏水阀。有趣的是,ABCG 2显示极端的底物混杂,而ABCG 5/G8仅转运固醇分子。ABCG 2结构表明一个大的内部空腔,作为底物和抑制剂的结合区域,而突变和药理学分析支持多个结合位点的概念。相比之下,ABCG 5/G8示出了尺寸不足以保持基板的塌陷腔。事实上,突变分析表明在转运蛋白和脂质双层之间的疏水界面处存在固醇结合位点。在这篇综述中,我们强调了ABCG 2和ABCG 5/G8结构之间的主要差异和相似之处。我们进一步讨论了不同的和共享的结构特征在其生理功能的背景下的相关性。最后,我们阐述了ABCG 2和ABCG 5/G8如何为其他ABCG转运蛋白的研究铺平道路。
Structural data on ABCG5/G8 and ABCG2 reveal a unique molecular architecture for subfamily G ATP‐binding cassette (ABCG) transporters and disclose putative substrate‐binding sites. ABCG5/G8 and ABCG2 appear to use several unique structural motifs to execute transport, including the triple helical bundles, the membrane‐embedded polar relay, the re‐entry helices, and a hydrophobic valve. Interestingly, ABCG2 shows extreme substrate promiscuity, whereas ABCG5/G8 transports only sterol molecules. ABCG2 structures suggest a large internal cavity, serving as a binding region for substrates and inhibitors, while mutational and pharmacological analyses support the notion of multiple binding sites. By contrast, ABCG5/G8 shows a collapsed cavity of insufficient size to hold substrates. Indeed, mutational analyses indicate a sterol‐binding site at the hydrophobic interface between the transporter and the lipid bilayer. In this review, we highlight key differences and similarities between ABCG2 and ABCG5/G8 structures. We further discuss the relevance of distinct and shared structural features in the context of their physiological functions. Finally, we elaborate on how ABCG2 and ABCG5/G8 could pave the way for studies on other ABCG transporters.
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