Mental subtraction and multiplication recruit both phonological and visuospatial resources: evidence from a symmetric dual-task design
Mental subtraction and multiplication recruit both phonological and visuospatial resources: evidence from a symmetric dual-task design
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DOI：
10.1007/s00426-015-0667-8
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发表时间：
2016-07-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Knops, A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cavdaroglu, Seda;Knops, A.
先前的研究指出了不同工作记忆子系统之间的选择性相互作用（即，语音和视觉空间）和算术运算（即，乘法和减法）。这被解释为支持乘法和减法分别主要依赖于语音或空间组织的数字代码的想法。在这里，我们调查了这个想法在两个组（乘法和减法组）使用双任务范式。超越以前的研究，我们仔细控制和平衡了参与者内部和参与者之间的工作记忆和计算任务的难度。这使我们能够测试计算对工作记忆的相互影响。我们没有观察到不同的工作记忆子系统和算术运算之间的选择性相互作用。相反，两种类型的算术运算都受到了两种类型的并发工作记忆任务的损害。同样，两种类型的工作记忆任务都受到两种类型的并发算术的损害。我们的研究结果表明，乘法和减法取决于语音和视觉空间代码，并强调了在双任务研究的背景下，参与者之间的平衡任务需求的重要性。
Previous studies pointed out a selective interaction between different working memory subsystems (i.e., phonological and visuospatial) and arithmetic operations (i.e., multiplication and subtraction). This was interpreted to support the idea that multiplication and subtraction predominantly rely on a phonologically or spatially organized number code, respectively. Here, we investigated this idea in two groups (multiplication and subtraction group) using a dual-task paradigm. Going beyond previous studies, we carefully controlled and balanced the difficulty of both working memory and calculation tasks within and across participants. This allowed us to test the reciprocal impact of calculations on working memory. We observed no selective interaction between different working memory subsystems and arithmetic operations. Instead, both types of arithmetic operations were impaired by both types of concurrent working memory tasks. Likewise, both types of working memory tasks were impaired by both types of concurrent arithmetic. Our findings suggest that multiplication and subtraction depend on both phonological and visuospatial codes and highlight the importance of balancing task demands within and between participants in the context of dual-task studies.