Microbial Phosphorus Solubilization and Its Potential for Use in Sustainable Agriculture.
Microbial Phosphorus Solubilization and Its Potential for Use in Sustainable Agriculture.
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DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2017.00971
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Babalola OO
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alori ET;Glick BR;Babalola OO
为了满足不断增长的全球粮食需求，使用过量的常规磷(P)肥料来提高农业生产力，可能导致地表水和地下水污染、水道富营养化、土壤肥力枯竭以及土壤中高浓度硒（Se）、砷（as）等有毒元素的积累。相当多的土壤微生物能够溶解/矿化不溶性土壤磷酸盐，释放可溶性磷，使其为植物所利用。这些微生物促进多种作物的生长和产量。因此，用磷酸盐增溶微生物（PSM）接种种子/作物/土壤是一种很有前途的策略，可以在不造成任何环境危害的情况下改善世界粮食生产。尽管增磷微生物在提高土壤肥力方面具有重要意义，但在商业农业中尚未取代常规化肥。更好地了解PSM功能多样性、定殖能力、行动方式和明智应用的最新发展，应有助于将其作为可持续农业系统的可靠组成部分。在本文中，我们讨论了各种土壤微生物具有溶解磷的能力，因此有可能被用作生物肥料。重点介绍了PSM增溶无机磷酸盐的机理和有机磷矿化的机理，以及决定该技术成功与否的因素。最后，我们提供了一些迹象，表明PSM的使用将促进可持续农业，并得出结论，该技术已准备好在世界各地进行商业开发。
The use of excess conventional Phosphorus (P) fertilizers to improve agricultural productivity, in order to meet constantly increasing global food demand, potentially causes surface and ground water pollution, waterway eutrophication, soil fertility depletion, and accumulation of toxic elements such as high concentration of selenium (Se), arsenic (As) in the soil. Quite a number of soil microorganisms are capable of solubilizing/mineralizing insoluble soil phosphate to release soluble P and making it available to plants. These microorganisms improve the growth and yield of a wide variety of crops. Thus, inoculating seeds/crops/soil with Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms (PSM) is a promising strategy to improve world food production without causing any environmental hazard. Despite their great significance in soil fertility improvement, phosphorus-solubilizing microorganisms have yet to replace conventional chemical fertilizers in commercial agriculture. A better understanding of recent developments in PSM functional diversity, colonizing ability, mode of actions and judicious application should facilitate their use as reliable components of sustainable agricultural systems. In this review, we discussed various soil microorganisms that have the ability to solubilize phosphorus and hence have the potential to be used as bio fertilizers. The mechanisms of inorganic phosphate solubilization by PSM and the mechanisms of organic phosphorus mineralization are highlighted together with some factors that determine the success of this technology. Finally we provide some indications that the use of PSM will promote sustainable agriculture and conclude that this technology is ready for commercial exploitation in various regions worldwide.