Differences in physical fitness and throwing velocity among elite and amateur male handball players
Differences in physical fitness and throwing velocity among elite and amateur male handball players
复制标题
DOI：
10.1055/s-2004-820974
复制
发表时间：
2005-04-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Izquierdo, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gorostiaga, EM;Granados, C;Izquierdo, M
这项研究比较了（身高、体质量[BM]、体脂肪[BF]和游离脂肪质量[FFM]）、一次重复最大卧推（1 RM（BP））、跳跃爆发力（VJ）、手球投掷速度、腿和臂伸肌的功率-负荷关系、5 m和15 m短跑跑时间和跑步耐力。精英队，世界领先的球队之一（EM，n = 15）和业余队，在西班牙国家第二师（AM，n = 15）。在身高、BF、VJ、5 m和15 m跑时间、跑耐力等指标上，EM组与AM组相近。然而，EM组的BM值较高，（95.2 +/-13 kg vs. 82.4 +/-10 kg，p < 0.05），FFM（81.7 +/-9 kg vs. 72.4 +/-7 kg，p < 0.05），1 RMBP（107 +/-12 kg vs. 83 10 kg，p < 0.001），卧推期间的肌肉力量（18 21 p < 0.05）和半蹲（13 - 17%），以及站立时的投掷速度（23.8 +/- 1.9 m循环s（-1）vs. 21.8 +/- 1.6 m循环s（-1），p < 0.05）和3步跑（25.3 +/- 2.2 m循环s（-1）vs. 22.9 +/- 1.4 m循环s（-1），p < 0.05）。在EM和AM中观察到在30%1RM（BP）处的速度个体值与在站立投掷期间的球速度个体值之间的显著相关（r = 0.67 - 0.71，p < 0.05 - 0.01）。在EM中观察到3步跑投掷中的个体速度值与30%1RM（BP）时的个体速度值（r= 0.72，p < 0.05）以及在半蹲动作中的个体100%体质量时的个体功率值（r = 0.62，p < 0.05）之间存在显著相关性，而在AM中未观察到相关性。结果表明，肌肉发达、力量大的运动员在手球比赛中具有优势。游离脂肪量的差异可以部分解释组间绝对最大力量和肌肉力量的差异。在EM中，手球投掷速度的更高效率可能与上肢和下肢的功率输出能力相关，而在AM中，这种关系可能不同。耐力能力似乎并不代表手球精英表现的限制。
This study compared physical characteristics (body height, body mass [BM], body fat [BF], and free fatty mass [FFM]), one repetition maximum bench-press (1RM(BP)), jumping explosive strength (VJ), handball throwing velocity, power-load relationship of the leg and arm extensor muscles, 5- and 15-m sprint running time, and running endurance in two handball male teams: elite team, one of the world's leading teams (EM, n = 15) and amateur team, playing in the Spanish National Second Division (AM, n = 15). EM had similar values in body height, BF, VJ, 5- and 15-m sprint running time and running endurance than AM. However, the EM group gave higher values in BM (95.2 +/- 13kg vs. 82.4 +/- 10kg, p < 0.05), FFM (81.7 +/- 9kg vs. 72.4 +/- 7kg, p < 0.05), 1RMBP (107 +/- 12kg vs. 83 10 kg, p < 0.001), muscle power during bench-press (18 21 p < 0.05) and half squat (13 - 17%), and throwing velocities at standing (23.8 +/- 1.9 m circle s(-1) vs. 21.8 +/- 1.6 m circle s(-1), p < 0.05) and 3-step running (25.3 +/- 2.2 m circle s(-1) vs. 22.9 +/- 1.4 m circle s(-1), p < 0.05) actions than the AM group. Significant correlations (r = 0.67 - 0.71, p < 0.05 - 0.01) were observed in EM and AM between individual values of velocity at 30% of 1RM(BP) and individual values of ball velocity during a standing throw. Significant correlations were observed in EM, but not in AM, between the individual values of velocity during 3-step running throw and the individual values of velocity at 30% of 1RM(BP) (r= 0.72, p < 0.05), as well as the individual values of power at 100% of body mass during half-squat actions (r = 0.62, p < 0.05). The present results suggest that more muscular and powerful players are at an advantage in handball. The differences observed in free fatty mass could partly explain the differences observed between groups in absolute maximal strength and muscle power. In EM, higher efficiency in handball throwing velocity may be associated with both upper and lower extremity power output capabilities, whereas in AM this relationship may be different. Endurance capacity does not seem to represent a limitation for elite performance in handball.