Tobacco, alcohol, and other risk behaviors in film: how well do MPAA ratings distinguish content?
Tobacco, alcohol, and other risk behaviors in film: how well do MPAA ratings distinguish content?
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DOI：
10.1080/10810730903295567
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发表时间：
2009-12
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Dalton MA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tickle JJ;Beach ML;Dalton MA
To evaluate the usefulness of MPAA ratings for parental selection of appropriate films for children, the 100 top grossing movies each year from 1996 through 2004 (N=900) were content analyzed to measure risk behaviors in each film. More restrictive MPAA ratings (R and PG-13) were associated with increased mean seconds of portrayals of tobacco use, alcohol use, and sexual content; increased frequency of violent content; and increased salience of drug use. However, MPAA ratings did not clearly distinguish films based on tobacco or alcohol use. Fifty percent of R-rated movies contained 124 seconds or more of tobacco use, comparable to 26% of PG-13 and 17% of PG movies. Fifty percent of R-rated movies contained 162 seconds or more of alcohol use, comparable to 49% of PG-13 and 25% of PG movies. Because of the high degree of overlap in alcohol and tobacco content between rating categories, the MPAA rating system, as currently defined, is not adequate for parents who wish to limit their children’s exposure to tobacco or alcohol content in movies.
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影响因子：
8
作者：
Brown, JD;L'Engle, KL;Jackson, C
通讯作者：
Jackson, C
DOI：
10.15288/jsa.2006.67.54
发表时间：
2006-01-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF STUDIES ON ALCOHOL
影响因子：
--
作者：
Sargent, JD;Wills, TA;Gibbons, FX
通讯作者：
Gibbons, FX
DOI：
10.1016/j.admecli.2005.02.006
发表时间：
2005-06-01
期刊：
Adolescent medicine clinics
影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
Walsh, David A
影响因子：
8
作者：
Jenkins, L;Webb, T;Kraus, J
通讯作者：
Kraus, J
影响因子：
8
作者：
Sargent, JD;Beach, ML;Dalton, MA
通讯作者：
Dalton, MA