Jupiter's Enigmatic Ionosphere: Electron Density Profiles From the Pioneer, Voyager, and Galileo Radio Occultation Experiments
Jupiter's Enigmatic Ionosphere: Electron Density Profiles From the Pioneer, Voyager, and Galileo Radio Occultation Experiments
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木星神秘的电离层:先锋号、航行者号和伽利略号无线电掩星实验的电子密度分布
DOI:
10.1029/2021je007169
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Withers, Paul
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Mendillo, Michael;Narvaez, Clara;Moore, Luke;Withers, Paul
Radio occultation experiments on the Pioneer and Voyager missions obtained the first seven electron density profilesNe(h) of Jupiter's ionosphere. We use the five completeNe(h) observations to assess patterns and processes linked to photo‐chemical‐equilibrium (PCE) theory, modeled previously to be the domain below ∼1,000 km. We find that theNe(h) profiles are highly structured and identification of the maximum electron density and its height do not follow PCE expectations for layers produced by the Sun's soft X‐rays and extreme ultraviolet. Pre‐dawn profiles often show larger electron densities than dusk‐side profiles, inconsistent with simple chemical decay throughout nighttime. We examined total electron content (TEC) values, defined asNe(h) integrated up to a 3,500 km height, and found statistically significant TEC correlations (correlation coefficient ∼0.85) with solar fluxes over solar cycle time scales. The subsequent set of 25Ne(h) profiles obtained during the Galileo mission confirmed all of the variability patterns found by Pioneer and Voyager. Most notable was a weaker solar cycle pattern for TEC. Yet, different solar cycle characteristics during the three missions cannot explain their different values for TEC. AverageNe(h) profiles from the early missions (P10‐11; V1‐2) revealed a three‐layer system that was confirmed by average Galileo results. Models using faster electron‐ion recombination caused by vibrationally excited H2converting atomic ions to molecular ions could lead to enhanced removal of plasma near ∼1,000 km, and thus the topside layer formation that often appears at ∼1,500 km, while XUV radiation likely produces the two lower layers in the PCE domain.
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