Jupiter's Enigmatic Ionosphere: Electron Density Profiles From the Pioneer, Voyager, and Galileo Radio Occultation Experiments

Jupiter's Enigmatic Ionosphere: Electron Density Profiles From the Pioneer, Voyager, and Galileo Radio Occultation Experiments
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木星神秘的电离层:先锋号、航行者号和伽利略号无线电掩星实验的电子密度分布

DOI:
10.1029/2021je007169
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Withers, Paul
Withers, Paul
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Mendillo, Michael;Narvaez, Clara;Moore, Luke;Withers, Paul

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先驱者和旅行者号任务的无线电掩星实验获得了木星电离层的第一批七个电子密度分布Ne(H)。我们使用五个完整的Ne(H)观测来评估与光化学平衡(PCE)理论相关的模式和过程,该理论以前被建模为∼1,000公里以下的区域。我们发现,Thene(H)轮廓是高度结构化的,对最大电子密度和高度的识别并不符合太阳软X射线和极端紫外线产生的层的PCE预期。黎明前的轮廓通常比黄昏时的轮廓显示出更大的电子密度,这与整个夜间简单的化学衰变不一致。我们检查了总电子含量(TEC值),定义了高达3,500公里的ASNE(H),发现TEC与太阳周期时间尺度上的太阳通量具有统计上显著的相关性(相关系数∼为0.85)。随后在伽利略任务期间获得的一组25Ne(H)剖面证实了先驱者号和旅行者号发现的所有变率模式。最值得注意的是TEC的太阳周期模式较弱。然而,三次飞行期间不同的太阳周期特征不能解释它们对TEC的不同价值。早期飞行任务(P10-11;V1-2)的AverageNe(H)轮廓显示了一个三层系统,伽利略系统的平均结果证实了这一点。使用由振动激发的H将原子离子转化为分子离子而引起的更快的电子-离子复合的模型可以导致在∼1,000公里附近增强等离子体的去除,从而在∼1,500公里处经常出现的上层形成,而XUV辐射可能在PCE域中产生两个较低的层。
Radio occultation experiments on the Pioneer and Voyager missions obtained the first seven electron density profilesNe(h) of Jupiter's ionosphere. We use the five completeNe(h) observations to assess patterns and processes linked to photo‐chemical‐equilibrium (PCE) theory, modeled previously to be the domain below ∼1,000 km. We find that theNe(h) profiles are highly structured and identification of the maximum electron density and its height do not follow PCE expectations for layers produced by the Sun's soft X‐rays and extreme ultraviolet. Pre‐dawn profiles often show larger electron densities than dusk‐side profiles, inconsistent with simple chemical decay throughout nighttime. We examined total electron content (TEC) values, defined asNe(h) integrated up to a 3,500 km height, and found statistically significant TEC correlations (correlation coefficient ∼0.85) with solar fluxes over solar cycle time scales. The subsequent set of 25Ne(h) profiles obtained during the Galileo mission confirmed all of the variability patterns found by Pioneer and Voyager. Most notable was a weaker solar cycle pattern for TEC. Yet, different solar cycle characteristics during the three missions cannot explain their different values for TEC. AverageNe(h) profiles from the early missions (P10‐11; V1‐2) revealed a three‐layer system that was confirmed by average Galileo results. Models using faster electron‐ion recombination caused by vibrationally excited H2converting atomic ions to molecular ions could lead to enhanced removal of plasma near ∼1,000 km, and thus the topside layer formation that often appears at ∼1,500 km, while XUV radiation likely produces the two lower layers in the PCE domain.
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