The transdisciplinary construction of a seismic scenario as a process tool for addressing major gaps in earthquake disaster risk reduction in China
The transdisciplinary construction of a seismic scenario as a process tool for addressing major gaps in earthquake disaster risk reduction in China
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101433
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发表时间：
2020-04
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Guiwu Su;P. England;J. Rodgers;E. So;John Young
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Guiwu Su;P. England;J. Rodgers;E. So;John Young
根据国家有关法律，中国的抗震减灾工作基本上是自上而下的；长期以来，它一直关注县级及以上政府的政策和做法。（中国典型的县人口在几十到几十万之间）。这种方法在动员大规模减少地震灾害（风险）活动方面非常有效，例如对1976年Mw7的响应和恢复。5、唐山、2008年Mw7。9 .汶川，地震。然而，很明显，一个社会对地震的整体恢复力也取决于各种自下而上的组成部分（例如，家庭、社区）的行动。例如，在汶川地震中获救的人中，近90%（约8.7万人）是通过当地社区和社会内部的互助或自救获救的。在世界范围内的许多其他地震（如[3,4]）中也记录了类似的百分比。这些百分比表明，一个社会自下而上的组成部分在建立其对地震灾害的全面恢复能力方面发挥着根本作用，而中国政府主导的自上而下的灾害管理系统尚未充分利用这一点。
China’s approach to earthquake disaster reduction is, in accordance with the relevant national law, essentially top-down [1]; it has long focused on policies and practices at the county level of government and above.(Typical county populations in China are in the range of several tens to several hundreds of thousands). This approach has been highly effective in mobilizing large-scale earthquake disaster (risk) reduction activities–for example response to and recovery from the 1976 Mw7. 5, Tangshan, and the 2008 Mw7. 9 Wenchuan, earthquakes. However it is clear that the overall resilience of a society to earthquake also depends on actions from various bottom-up components (eg, family, community). For example, nearly 90% of those rescued from the Wenchuan earthquake (around 87,000) were saved by mutual or self-rescue within local communities and societies [2]; similar percentages have also been documented for many other earthquakes worldwide (eg,[3, 4]). These percentages imply that bottom-up components of a society play a fundamental role in building its total resilience to seismic disasters, upon which China’s government-led top-down disaster management system has not yet fully capitalised.