Androids as an Experimental Apparatus: Why Is There an Uncanny Valley and Can We Exploit It?
Androids as an Experimental Apparatus: Why Is There an Uncanny Valley and Can We Exploit It?
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发表时间：
2005
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通讯作者：
K. Macdorman
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作者：
K. Macdorman
抽象。这似乎是很自然的假设，机器人越接近人类，它们就越有可能引起人们对彼此的反应。然而，只有在非常像人类的机器人身上，外观和动作上的细微缺陷才显得怪异。这种不可思议的现象可能是一些实体的症状，这些实体引出了一个人类他者的模型，但并不符合它。如果是这样，一个非常像人类的机器人可能提供了最好的方法来找出什么样的行为被认为是人类的，因为与人类他者的偏离更加明显。在进行这一调查时，必须确定评估人类相似性的机制。一种假设是，一个神秘的机器人消除了对死亡的固有恐惧和文化支持的防御，以应对死亡的必然性。本研究借鉴恐怖管理的研究方法，设计了一个实验来验证这一假设。在所有的问题中，与对照组相比，那些被暴露在一个神秘的人形机器人的静止图像下的受试者平均对世界观支持者的偏好增加，对世界观威胁的偏好减少。
Abstract. It seems natural to assume that the more It seems natural to assume that the more closely robots come to resemble people, the more likely they are to elicit the kinds of responses people direct toward each other. However, subtle flaws in appearance and movement only seem eerie in very humanlike robots. This uncanny phenomenon may be symptomatic of entities that elicit a model of a human other but do not measure up to it. If so, a very humanlike robot may provide the best means of finding out what kinds of behavior are perceived as human, since deviations from a human other are more obvious. In pursuing this line of inquiry, it is essential to identify the mechanisms involved in evaluations of human likeness. One hypothesis is that an uncanny robot elicits an innate fear of death and culturally-supported defenses for coping with death’s inevitability. An experiment, which borrows from the methods of terror management research, was performed to test this hypothesis. Across all questions subjects who were exposed to a still image of an uncanny humanlike robot had on average a heightened preference for worldview supporters and a diminished preference for worldview threats relative to the control group.