Thermal modeling of the respiratory turbinates in arctic and subtropical seals.
Thermal modeling of the respiratory turbinates in arctic and subtropical seals.
复制标题
北极和亚热带海豹呼吸鼻甲的热建模。
DOI：
10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103402
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Øivind Wilhelmsen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Flekkøy;L. Folkow;S. Kjelstrup;M. Mason;Øivind Wilhelmsen
哺乳动物在鼻腔中拥有复杂的结构，称为呼吸性鼻甲骨，这有助于动物在呼吸性气体交换过程中保存体温和水分。我们研究了两种海豹的上鼻甲的功能，一种是北极海豹，一种是亚热带海豹(Monachus Monachus)。通过描述鼻甲区域热和水交换的热力学模型，我们能够再现灰海豹(Halichoerus Grypus)的过期空气温度的测量值，这是一种可以获得实验数据的物种。然而，在最低的环境温度下，只有在北极海豹中才有可能做到这一点，而且只有在我们考虑到最外层的鼻甲区域形成冰的可能性的情况下才能做到这一点。同时，该模型预测，对于北极海豹来说，吸入的空气在通过下鼻甲时会被带到深层的体温和湿度条件下。模型表明，热量守恒和水分守恒在某种意义上是相辅相成的，在这两个物种的典型环境中，守恒是最有效和最灵活的。通过控制通过鼻甲的血液流动，北极海豹能够在其平均栖息地温度下大幅改变热量和水的守恒，但在−40°C左右的温度下不能。亚热带物种有更简单的上鼻甲，我们的模型预测，它无法将吸入的空气带到身体深处，即使在它的自然环境中，也不会导致覆盖上颌甲的血管粘膜出现一些充血。血流速度和粘膜充血的生理控制有望对海豹上颌鼻甲的换热功能产生深远的影响。
Mammals possess complex structures in their nasal cavities known as respiratory turbinate bones, which help the animal to conserve body heat and water during respiratory gas exchange. We considered the function of the maxilloturbinates of two species of seals, one arctic (Erignathus barbatus), one subtropical (Monachus monachus). By means of a thermo-hydrodynamic model that describes the heat and water exchange in the turbinate region we are able to reproduce the measured values of expired air temperatures in grey seals (Halichoerus grypus), a species for which experimental data are available. At the lowest environmental temperatures, however, this is only possible in the arctic seal, and only if we allow for the possibility of ice forming on the outermost turbinate region. At the same time the model predicts that for the arctic seals, the inhaled air is brought to deep body temperature and humidity conditions in passing the maxilloturbinates. The modeling shows that heat and water conservation go together in the sense that one effect implies the other, and that the conservation is most efficient and most flexible in the typical environment of both species. By controlling the blood flow through the turbinates the arctic seal is able to vary the heat and water conservation substantially at its average habitat temperatures, but not at temperatures around −40 °C. The subtropical species has simpler maxilloturbinates, and our model predicts that it is unable to bring inhaled air to deep body conditions, even in its natural environment, without some congestion of the vascular mucosa covering the maxilloturbinates. Physiological control of both blood flow rate and mucosal congestion is expected to have profound effects on the heat exchange function of the maxilloturbinates in seals.
鼻逆流热交换对北象海豹 Mirounga angustirostris 水平衡的贡献。
DOI：
10.1242/jeb.113.1.447
发表时间：
1984
期刊：
The Journal of experimental biology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Huntley,AC;Costa,DP;Rubin,RD
通讯作者：
Rubin,RD