Chemical composition of wildfire ash produced in contrasting ecosystems and its toxicity to Daphnia magna
Chemical composition of wildfire ash produced in contrasting ecosystems and its toxicity to Daphnia magna
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DOI：
10.1071/wf18200
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Perez-Fernandez, Begona
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Harper, Ashleigh R.;Santin, Cristina;Perez-Fernandez, Begona
在世界火灾多发地区，众所周知，野火可以极大地改变淡水流域的水文动态。然而，有限的研究集中在野火灰烬毒性对水生生物群的潜在影响上。在这里，我们评估了全球分布的六种对比植被类型（英国草原、西班牙松林、西班牙荒地、美国灌木丛、澳大利亚桉树林和加拿大云杉林）野火产生的灰烬的化学成分和毒性。对广泛研究的水生大型无脊椎动物大型溞（水生污染物的敏感指标）进行了急性（48 小时）固定测试。我们发现这些灰烬类型的化学成分和毒性之间存在显着差异。英国和西班牙白蜡树对大型溞没有可检测到的毒性，而澳大利亚桉树、美国灌木丛和加拿大云杉白蜡树均造成显着毒性（固定化）。后一种灰分类型的主要特征是其高 pH 值、NO3-、Cl- 和电导率水平。金属（例如锰、铁、锌、铅、铜和砷）和总多环芳烃（PAH）的水溶性和总浓度升高与毒性无关。
It is well established in the world's fire-prone regions that wildfires can considerably change the hydrological dynamics of freshwater catchments. Limited research, however, has focused on the potential impacts of wildfire ash toxicity on aquatic biota. Here, we assess the chemical composition and toxicity of ash generated from wildfires in six contrasting vegetation types distributed globally (UK grassland, Spanish pine forest, Spanish heathland, USA chaparral, Australian eucalypt forest and Canadian spruce forest). Acute (48 h) immobilisation tests were conducted on the extensively studied aquatic macroinvertebrate Daphnia magna, a sensitive indicator of aquatic contaminants. We found significant differences between the chemical composition and toxicity of these ash types. The UK and Spanish ash had no detectable toxicity to Daphnia magna, whereas the Australian eucalypt, USA chaparral and Canadian spruce ash all caused significant toxicity (immobilisation). The principal characteristics of the latter ash types were their high pH, and NO3-, Cl- and conductivity levels. Elevated water-soluble and total concentrations of metals (e.g. Mn, Fe, Zn, Pb, Cu and As) and total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were not linked to toxicity.