Shoaling guppies evade predation but have deadlier parasites
Shoaling guppies evade predation but have deadlier parasites
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DOI：
10.1038/s41559-022-01772-5
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发表时间：
2022-05-26
影响因子：
16.8
通讯作者：
Stephenson, Jessica F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Walsman, Jason C.;Janecka, Mary J.;Stephenson, Jessica F.
寄生虫利用宿主进行复制和传播，但过度利用会杀死宿主和寄生虫。捕食者可能会通过消耗受感染的宿主或改变宿主行为来改变这种成本效益平衡，但这些影响的强度仍不清楚。在这里，我们使用特立尼达孔雀鱼和他们的三代虫属的现场和实验室数据。寄生虫，以显示不同的捕食压力如何影响寄生虫的毒力和传播。我们使用一个实验证明的毒力传输权衡参数化的数学模型中，主机浅滩（作为一种手段，抗捕食者防御），增加接触率，并选择更高的毒力。然后，我们验证模型的预测收集寄生虫从野生的，特立尼达人口，高捕食种群的寄生虫更致命的共同花园比低捕食种群。从广义上讲，我们的研究结果表明，减少社会接触选择对寄生虫毒力。社会生活有成本和效益;在这里，作者使用实地研究，实验和模型表明，非消耗性捕食压力在特立尼达孔雀鱼浅滩增加寄生虫传播和选择更高的毒力。
Parasites exploit hosts to replicate and transmit, but overexploitation kills both host and parasite. Predators may shift this cost-benefit balance by consuming infected hosts or changing host behaviour, but the strength of these effects remains unclear. Here we use field and lab data on Trinidadian guppies and their Gyrodactylus spp. parasites to show how differential predation pressure influences parasite virulence and transmission. We use an experimentally demonstrated virulence-transmission trade-off to parametrize a mathematical model in which host shoaling (as a means of anti-predator defence), increases contact rates and selects for higher virulence. Then we validate model predictions by collecting parasites from wild, Trinidadian populations; parasites from high-predation populations were more virulent in common gardens than those from low-predation populations. Broadly, our results indicate that reduced social contact selects against parasite virulence.Social living has costs and benefits; here the authors use field studies, experiments and models to show that non-consumptive predation pressure in Trinidadian guppy shoals increases parasite transmission and selects for higher virulence.