C2cd3 is required for cilia formation and Hedgehog signaling in mouse.

C2cd3 is required for cilia formation and Hedgehog signaling in mouse.
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DOI:
10.1242/dev.029835
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发表时间:
2008-12
期刊:
Development (Cambridge, England)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Liu A
Liu A
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hoover AN;Wynkoop A;Zeng H;Jia J;Niswander LA;Liu A

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纤毛对哺乳动物胚胎发育以及各种成体器官系统的生理活动至关重要。尽管纤毛发挥着多种重要作用,但哺乳动物纤毛发生的机制仍然知之甚少。采取正向遗传方法,我们已经确定了心脏(Hty),一种隐性致死性小鼠突变体,具有多种缺陷,包括神经管缺陷,脊髓背腹侧模式异常,左右轴确定缺陷和严重的多指(额外的数字)。通过遗传作图、候选基因的序列分析和第二突变等位基因的表征,我们将Hty鉴定为C2cd 3,一种编码脊椎动物特异性C2结构域的蛋白的新基因。靶基因表达和双突变体分析表明,C2cd 3是一个重要的调节细胞内转导的刺猬信号。进一步刺猬信号和纤毛功能之间的联系,我们发现,纤毛的形成和Gli 3的蛋白水解加工被破坏C2cd 3突变体。最后,我们观察到C2cd 3蛋白在基体,符合其在纤毛发生的基本功能。有趣的是,该基因的人类直系同源物位于Meckel-Gruber综合征2(MKS 2)和Joubert综合征2(JBTS 2)的关键区域附近,使其成为这两种人类遗传疾病的潜在候选者。
Cilia are essential for mammalian embryonic development as well as for the physiological activity of various adult organ systems. Despite the multiple crucial roles that cilia play, the mechanisms underlying ciliogenesis in mammals remain poorly understood. Taking a forward genetic approach, we have identified Hearty (Hty), a recessive lethal mouse mutant with multiple defects, including neural tube defects, abnormal dorsal-ventral patterning of the spinal cord, a defect in left-right axis determination and severe polydactyly (extra digits). By genetic mapping, sequence analysis of candidate genes and characterization of a second mutant allele, we identify Hty as C2cd3, a novel gene encoding a vertebrate-specific C2 domain-containing protein. Target gene expression and double-mutant analyses suggest that C2cd3 is an essential regulator of intracellular transduction of the Hedgehog signal. Furthering a link between Hedgehog signaling and cilia function, we find that cilia formation and proteolytic processing of Gli3 are disrupted in C2cd3 mutants. Finally, we observe C2cd3 protein at the basal body, consistent with its essential function in ciliogenesis. Interestingly, the human ortholog for this gene lies in proximity to the critical regions of Meckel-Gruber syndrome 2 (MKS2) and Joubert syndrome 2 (JBTS2), making it a potential candidate for these two human genetic disorders.
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