Adult Craniofacial Stem Cells: Sources and Relation to the Neural Crest
Adult Craniofacial Stem Cells: Sources and Relation to the Neural Crest
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DOI：
10.1007/s12015-011-9340-9
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发表时间：
2012-09-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Widera, Darius
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kaltschmidt, Barbara;Kaltschmidt, Christian;Widera, Darius
在发育过程中，神经脊细胞从新形成的外胚层和神经管之间的缝隙中迁移出来。此后，它们不仅产生外胚层细胞类型，而且还产生中胚层细胞类型。因此，具有神经脊祖先的细胞类型包括许多特殊的种类，如外胚层神经元、黑素细胞和雪旺细胞，以及中胚层成骨细胞、脂肪细胞和平滑肌细胞。最近的大量研究表明，具有神经脊来源的干细胞可以持续到成年期，特别是在哺乳动物的头面部间隔内。本文就颅骨来源的成体神经脊源性干细胞的来源、分化潜能和关键干细胞标志物的表达进行综述。此外，还对与胚胎干细胞相关的标记基因的表达以及成年神经干细胞的多向多能问题进行了综述。建议进行严格的测试，如果进行，有望澄清成人NCSC效力的问题。最后，根据成人NCSCs的临床影响，讨论了当前的临床前和临床数据。
During the process of development, neural crest cells migrate out from their niche between the newly formed ectoderm and the neural tube. Thereafter, they give rise not only to ectodermal cell types, but also to mesodermal cell types. Cell types with neural crest ancestry consequently comprise a number of specialized varieties, such as ectodermal neurons, melanocytes and Schwann cells, as well as mesodermal osteoblasts, adipocytes and smooth muscle cells. Numerous recent studies suggest that stem cells with a neural crest origin persist into adulthood, especially within the mammalian craniofacial compartment. This review discusses the sources of adult neural crest-derived stem cells (NCSCs) derived from the cranium, as well as their differentiation potential and expression of key stem cell markers. Furthermore, the expression of marker genes associated with embryonic stem cells and the issue of multi- versus pluripotency of adult NCSCs is reviewed. Stringent tests are proposed, which, if performed, are anticipated to clarify the issue of adult NCSC potency. Finally, current pre-clinical and clinical data are discussed in light of the clinical impact of adult NCSCs.