Lactate in contemporary biology: a phoenix risen.
Lactate in contemporary biology: a phoenix risen.
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DOI：
10.1113/jp280955
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发表时间：
2022-03
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Tovar, Ashley P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brooks, George A.;Arevalo, Jose A.;Osmond, Adam D.;Leija, Robert G.;Curl, Casey C.;Tovar, Ashley P.
关键词：
一个世纪后，是时候翻开对乳酸代谢的理解并认识到乳酸穿梭是体内中间代谢的重要组成部分了。细胞间和细胞内乳酸穿梭实现了能量底物生产和分配的目的，以及在完全有氧条件下的细胞信号传导。乳酸穿梭的认识首先出现在体育锻炼的研究中，其中驱动者（生产者）和接受者（消费者）细胞和组织的作用是显而易见的。此外，乳酸穿梭的存在作为餐后葡萄糖处理和饱腹感信号的一部分已被认识到。线粒体呼吸为体内乳酸的处理创造了生理库。定期运动中反复接触乳酸会导致适应性过程，例如线粒体生物发生以及其他健康的循环和神经特征，例如提高体力工作能力、代谢灵活性、学习和记忆力。当乳酸信号和穿梭在特定疾病和损伤中发生失调时，乳酸和乳酸穿梭在健康生活中的重要性就进一步得到强调。就像凤凰一样，乳酸在 21 世纪的生物学中已变得非常重要。 摘要图例：乳酸在生理和代谢中的作用阐述为：细胞燃料（在心脏、红色骨骼肌和大脑中优先使用乳酸而不是其他燃料能量底物，如葡萄糖、脂肪酸和酮酸）；细胞信号传导（乳酸通过影响细胞氧化还原、ROS 产生、乳酰化和共价结合影响代谢的机制）；微生物组（发酵在健康和疾病中的作用以及肠道乳酸穿梭的可能性）；饱腹感（乳酸对下丘脑弓状核和肠道下丘脑信号传导的作用）；适应（乳酸在糖酵解和代谢酶表达以及胰岛素敏感性中的作用，后者通过 TGF-β 实现）；生殖（乳酸在精子线粒体能量学中的作用、为囊胚发育有利的微环境以及子宫血管生成的 VEGF 分泌）和复苏（脱水、酸中毒、登革热、胰腺炎和肝炎、心肌梗塞和伤口愈合的治疗）。
After a century, it's time to turn the page on understanding of lactate metabolism and appreciate that lactate shuttling is an important component of intermediary metabolism in vivo. Cell‐cell and intracellular lactate shuttles fulfil purposes of energy substrate production and distribution, as well as cell signalling under fully aerobic conditions. Recognition of lactate shuttling came first in studies of physical exercise where the roles of driver (producer) and recipient (consumer) cells and tissues were obvious. Moreover, the presence of lactate shuttling as part of postprandial glucose disposal and satiety signalling has been recognized. Mitochondrial respiration creates the physiological sink for lactate disposal in vivo. Repeated lactate exposure from regular exercise results in adaptive processes such as mitochondrial biogenesis and other healthful circulatory and neurological characteristics such as improved physical work capacity, metabolic flexibility, learning, and memory. The importance of lactate and lactate shuttling in healthful living is further emphasized when lactate signalling and shuttling are dysregulated as occurs in particular illnesses and injuries. Like a phoenix, lactate has risen to major importance in 21st century biology. Abstract figure legend: Roles of lactate in physiology and metabolism elaborated as: cell fuelling (the preferential use of lactate over other fuel energy substrates such as glucose, fatty and keto acids in cardiac and red skeletal muscle and brain for cognition); cell signalling (the mechanisms by which lactate affects metabolism via effects on cell redox, ROS production, lactylation and covalent binding); microbiome (the role of fermentation in health and disease and the possibility of a gut‐soma lactate shuttle); satiety (the role of lactate on the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus and gut‐hypothalamic signalling); adaptation (the role of lactate in expression of glycolytic and metabolic enzymes and insulin sensitivity, the latter by TGF‐β); reproduction (roles of lactate in sperm mitochondrial energetics, developing a favourable microenvironment for blastocysts and secretion of VEGF for uterine angiogenesis), and resuscitation (treatments of dehydration, acidosis, dengue, pancreatitis and hepatitis, myocardial infarction and wound healing).