Estimates of the global water budget and its annual cycle using observational and model data
Estimates of the global water budget and its annual cycle using observational and model data
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DOI：
10.1175/jhm600.1
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发表时间：
2007-08-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Fasullo, John
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Trenberth, Kevin E.;Smith, Lesley;Fasullo, John
简要回顾了NCAR气候分析科关于水循环的研究。结果被用来为长期年度平均值提供全球水文循环的新估计数，其中包括对主要蓄水池以及它们之间的水流的估计。对于陆地上的降水P，三个数据集之间的比较能够估计不确定因素。此外，还给出了基于1979-2000年资料的大气水循环年平均周期的结果。其中包括对主要大陆大陆的P、蒸散量E、陆地上的大气水汽汇聚和大气存储的变化、陆地上的纬向平均、半球陆地平均和全球陆地平均的每月估计。蒸散量是根据共同体陆地模式计算的，该模式采用实际大气强迫，包括受月平均观测值限制但具有大气再分析高频信息的降水。将E-P的计算结果与基于40年ECMWF再分析(ERA-40)资料的大气水汽收支结果进行了对比。后者显示了物理上不切实际的结果，因为陆地上的蒸发量经常超过降雨量，特别是在热带和亚热带地区。
A brief review is given of research in the Climate Analysis Section at NCAR on the water cycle. Results are used to provide a new estimate of the global hydrological cycle for long-term annual means that includes estimates of the main reservoirs of water as well as the flows of water among them. For precipitation P over land a comparison among three datasets enables uncertainties to be estimated. In addition, results are presented for the mean annual cycle of the atmospheric hydrological cycle based on 1979-2000 data. These include monthly estimates of P, evapotranspiration E, atmospheric moisture convergence over land, and changes in atmospheric storage, for the major continental landmasses, zonal means over land, hemispheric land means, and global land means. The evapotranspiration is computed from the Community Land Model run with realistic atmospheric forcings, including precipitation that is constrained by observations for monthly means but with high-frequency information taken from atmospheric reanalyses. Results for E - P are contrasted with those from atmospheric moisture budgets based on 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) data. The latter show physically unrealistic results, because evaporation often exceeds precipitation over land, especially in the Tropics and subtropics.