Policing stabilizes construction of social niches in primates
Policing stabilizes construction of social niches in primates
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DOI：
10.1038/nature04326
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发表时间：
2006-01-26
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Krakauer, DC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Flack, JC;Girvan, M;Krakauer, DC
所有生物都与环境相互作用，并在此过程中塑造环境，改变资源的可用性。这个过程被称为生态位构建，主要在生态学层面上进行研究，重点是跨代构建的后果（1）。我们专注于在一代人的行为建设过程中，确定鲁棒性机制（2）的作用-冲突管理-在促进互动，建立社会资源网络或社会利基。使用“淘汰”实验的一个大的，圈养的一组猪尾猕猴（猕猴nemestrina），我们表明，警务功能，很少由一小部分人（3），显着有助于维持稳定的资源网络在面对慢性扰动，通过冲突产生。当没有警察时，社会生态位就会不稳定，群体成员会建立更小、更少多样性和更少整合的梳理、游戏、接近和接触网络。不稳定性是量化的减少平均程度，增加集群，减少达到，并增加probability。警务不仅控制冲突（3-5），我们发现它显着影响网络的结构，构成必要的社会资源在群居灵长类动物社会。这种网络的结构在婴儿存活率（6）、合作行为的出现和传播（7）、社会学习和文化传统（8）方面发挥着关键作用。
All organisms interact with their environment, and in doing so shape it, modifying resource availability. Termed niche construction, this process has been studied primarily at the ecological level with an emphasis on the consequences of construction across generations(1). We focus on the behavioural process of construction within a single generation, identifying the role a robustness mechanism(2) - conflict management - has in promoting interactions that build social resource networks or social niches. Using 'knockout' experiments on a large, captive group of pigtailed macaques ( Macaca nemestrina), we show that a policing function, performed infrequently by a small subset of individuals(3), significantly contributes to maintaining stable resource networks in the face of chronic perturbations that arise through conflict. When policing is absent, social niches destabilize, with group members building smaller, less diverse, and less integrated grooming, play, proximity and contact-sitting networks. Instability is quantified in terms of reduced mean degree, increased clustering, reduced reach, and increased assortativity. Policing not only controls conflict(3-5), we find it significantly influences the structure of networks that constitute essential social resources in gregarious primate societies. The structure of such networks plays a critical role in infant survivorship(6), emergence and spread of cooperative behaviour(7), social learning and cultural traditions(8).