Emerging and re-emerging viruses: A global challenge illustrated by Chikungunya virus outbreaks.
Emerging and re-emerging viruses: A global challenge illustrated by Chikungunya virus outbreaks.
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DOI：
10.5501/wjv.v1.i1.11
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发表时间：
2012-02-12
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Devaux, Christian A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Devaux, Christian A
近几十年来，新发和再次出现的传染病，特别是与病毒有关的传染病，已成为公共卫生领域日益重要的关注领域。通过适当的研究积累知识，并利用不同来源的指标监测疫情的出现，对预测未来的流行病具有重要意义。其目的是提高警觉并有效应对，以减少对普通民众的不利影响。人类新出现的病原体大多源自已知的人畜共患病。这些病原体与寄主的相互作用由来已久，非常成功，因为它们的起源非常适应寄主的寄生。他们制定的策略旨在：(1)最大限度地提高侵袭率；(2)选择能够减少对寄主寿命和繁殖力影响的寄主特征；(3)确保在寄主内和寄主之间及时复制和存活；以及(4)促进可靠的后代传播。在这种情况下，虫媒病毒(或节肢动物传播的病毒)肯定会对下个世纪构成威胁。2005年至2006年在印度洋的法国留尼汪岛发生的史无前例的基孔肯雅病毒流行，以及随后在印度和南欧等世界其他地区的几次暴发，引起了医疗和国家当局对这种重新出现的蚊媒病毒相关风险的注意。这是一个很好的模式，可以说明我们今天面临的问题，并改进明天如何应对。
In recent decades, the issue of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, especially those related to viruses, has become an increasingly important area of concern in public health. It is of significance to anticipate future epidemics by accumulating knowledge through appropriate research and by monitoring their emergence using indicators from different sources. The objective is to alert and respond effectively in order to reduce the adverse impact on the general populations. Most of the emerging pathogens in humans originate from known zoonosis. These pathogens have been engaged in long-standing and highly successful interactions with their hosts since their origins are exquisitely adapted to host parasitism. They developed strategies aimed at: (1) maximizing invasion rate; (2) selecting host traits that can reduce their impact on host life span and fertility; (3) ensuring timely replication and survival both within host and between hosts; and (4) facilitating reliable transmission to progeny. In this context, Arboviruses (or ARthropod-BOrne viruses), will represent with certainty a threat for the coming century. The unprecedented epidemic of Chikungunya virus which occurred between 2005 and 2006 in the French Reunion Island in the Indian Ocean, followed by several outbreaks in other parts of the world, such as India and Southern Europe, has attracted the attention of medical and state authorities about the risks linked to this re-emerging mosquito-borne virus. This is an excellent model to illustrate the issues we are facing today and to improve how to respond tomorrow.