Deciphering long-term records of natural variability and human impact as recorded in lake sediments: a palaeolimnological puzzle
Deciphering long-term records of natural variability and human impact as recorded in lake sediments: a palaeolimnological puzzle
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破译湖泊沉积物中记录的自然变化和人类影响的长期记录：古湖泊学难题
作者：
Mills K
全球水生生态系统受到人为活动的威胁越来越大，同时也暴露于过去（和预计）的气候变化中，然而，湖泊沉积物中记录的气候和人类影响的性质往往是模糊的。自然和人为驱动因素可以迫使湖泊系统产生类似的反应，然而，将湖泊沉积物中记录的变化从人为变化中归结为自然变化的能力，对于理解湖泊系统在受到多种压力时如何已经并将继续发挥作用越来越重要；在考虑水生生态系统的管理办法时，这一问题尤其尖锐。人类对湖泊系统影响的持续时间和时间在地理上各不相同，世界上一些地区（如非洲和南美洲）比其他地区（如新西兰）具有更长的人类影响遗产。各种各样的技术（生物的、化学的、物理的和统计的）可供古湖泊学家用来破译复杂的沉积记录。湖泊沉积物是驱动因素如何随时间变化以及这些影响如何在湖泊系统中表现出来的重要档案。由于缺乏预测人类影响的“实时”数据，古湖泊档案提供了了解自然变率（即由气候和内在湖泊过程驱动的变率）和人类影响的唯一途径。虽然在从沉积物档案中解读变化时需要认识到复杂性和时空变变性，但古湖泊学方法是更好地了解和管理全球水生资源的有力工具。水处理技术，2017,4(4):1195。本文分类为：水与生命bbb . 0生态系统的压力与压力；水科学bbb .1水与环境变化bbb . 2方法
Global aquatic ecosystems are under increasing threat from anthropogenic activity, as well as being exposed to past (and projected) climate change, however, the nature of how climate and human impacts are recorded in lake sediments is often ambiguous. Natural and anthropogenic drivers can force a similar response in lake systems, yet the ability to attribute what change recorded in lake sediments is natural, from that which is anthropogenic, is increasingly important for understanding how lake systems have, and will continue to function when subjected to multiple stressors; an issue that is particularly acute when considering management options for aquatic ecosystems. The duration and timing of human impacts on lake systems varies geographically, with some regions of the world (such as Africa and South America) having a longer legacy of human impact than others (e.g., New Zealand). A wide array of techniques (biological, chemical, physical and statistical) is available to palaeolimnologists to allow the deciphering of complex sedimentary records. Lake sediments are an important archive of how drivers have changed through time, and how these impacts manifest in lake systems. With a paucity of ‘real‐time’ data pre‐dating human impact, palaeolimnological archives offer the only insight into both natural variability (i.e., that driven by climate and intrinsic lake processes) and the impact of people. While there is a need to acknowledge complexity, and temporal and spatial variability when deciphering change from sediment archives, a palaeolimnological approach is a powerful tool for better understanding and managing global aquatic resources.WIREs Water2017, 4:e1195. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1195This article is categorized under:Water and Life > Stresses and Pressures on EcosystemsScience of Water > Water and Environmental ChangeWater and Life > Methods