Organization of extrastriate and temporal cortex in chimpanzees compared to humans and macaques
Organization of extrastriate and temporal cortex in chimpanzees compared to humans and macaques
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.cortex.2019.02.010
复制
发表时间：
2019-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Preuss, Todd M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bryant, Katherine L.;Glasser, Matthew F.;Preuss, Todd M.
有证据表明，与其他灵长类动物相比，人类的联合皮质有所扩大。与猕猴相比，人类颞侧关联皮层的扩展似乎使纹外皮层向后下方移位。然而，这些最近扩展的区域的组织细节仍然未知。在这里，我们使用扩散纤维束成像技术来检查黑猩猩、人类和猕猴的纹外皮层和颞叶联合皮层的组织。我们的目标是描述人类和黑猩猩的视觉和听觉关联区域相对于其相应主要区域（初级视觉皮层和听觉核心）的组织。我们报告了三个结果：（1）人类、黑猩猩和猕猴表现出预期的初级视觉皮层（V1）与 V2 和紧邻 V2 之前区域的视网膜专题组织； (2) 与猕猴相比，黑猩猩和人类 V1 显示出与外侧、下和前颞区的明显连通性，超出了视网膜组织的纹状体区域； (3) 与猕猴不同的是，黑猩猩和人类的听觉核心显示出与时间关联区域的明显连通性，但人类和黑猩猩之间存在一些重要差异。弥散纤维束成像重建反映白质组织的弥散模式，但不能明确代表直接的解剖连接性。因此，重要的是要认识到我们的发现暗示了长距离白质组织的物种差异，而不是直接联系的证明。我们的数据支持这样的结论：在人类谱系与黑猩猩谱系分离后，颞联皮层的扩展以及由此产生的纹外皮层的后移发生在人类谱系中。然而，颞叶的某些扩张可能发生在人类和黑猩猩分离之前，反映在颞叶中连接枕叶区与梭状体、颞中回和颞前叶的长白质束的重组。 (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
There is evidence for enlargement of association cortex in humans compared to other primate species. Expansion of temporal association cortex appears to have displaced extrastriate cortex posteriorly and inferiorly in humans compared to macaques. However, the details of the organization of these recently expanded areas are still being uncovered. Here, we used diffusion tractography to examine the organization of extrastriate and temporal association cortex in chimpanzees, humans, and macaques. Our goal was to characterize the organization of visual and auditory association areas with respect to their corresponding primary areas (primary visual cortex and auditory core) in humans and chimpanzees. We report three results: (1) Humans, chimpanzees, and macaques show expected retinotopic organization of primary visual cortex (V1) connectivity to V2 and to areas immediately anterior to V2; (2) In contrast to macaques, chimpanzee and human V1 shows apparent connectivity with lateral, inferior, and anterior temporal regions, beyond the retinotopically organized extrastriate areas; (3) Also in contrast to macaques, chimpanzee and human auditory core shows apparent connectivity with temporal association areas, with some important differences between humans and chimpanzees. Diffusion tractography reconstructs diffusion patterns that reflect white matter organization, but does not definitively represent direct anatomical connectivity. Therefore, it is important to recognize that our findings are suggestive of species differences in long-distance white matter organization rather than demonstrations of direct connections. Our data support the conclusion that expansion of temporal association cortex, and the resulting posterior displacement of extrastriate cortex, occurred in the human lineage after its separation from the chimpanzee lineage. It is possible, however, that some expansion of the temporal lobe occurred prior to the separation of humans and chimpanzees, reflected in the reorganization of long white matter tracts in the temporal lobe that connect occipital areas to the fusiform gyms, middle temporal gyrus, and anterior temporal lobe. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.