Human olfaction: a constant state of change-blindness.
Human olfaction: a constant state of change-blindness.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00221-010-2348-6
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发表时间：
2010-08
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Sobel, Noam
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sela, Lee;Sobel, Noam
奇怪的是，尽管人类有着极好的嗅觉，但他们并不相信自己的鼻子。此外，虽然人类的气味检测阈值非常低，但只有异常高的气味浓度才会自发地将我们的注意力转移到嗅觉上。在这里，我们认为，这种嗅觉意识的缺乏反映了嗅觉注意力的性质，是由嗅觉的空间和时间信封。关于空间包络，选择性注意在空间中分配。在视觉和听觉中，人类在空间坐标中引导注意力聚光灯。人类的嗅觉空间能力是最低限度的。因此，没有嗅觉空间，就没有嗅觉选择性注意的竞技场。关于时间包络，视觉和听觉几乎是连续的输入，而嗅觉输入是离散的，由在时间上相隔很远的嗅闻组成。如果类似的时间中断被人为地引入视觉和听觉，它们会导致“变化盲视”，即注意力捕获的丧失，导致缺乏对变化的意识。而“变化盲”是视觉和听觉的畸变，长的嗅间间隔使“变化嗅觉缺失”成为人类嗅觉的常态。因此，嗅觉中的注意力捕获是最小的，就像人类的嗅觉意识一样。然而，所有这一切并没有削弱嗅觉的作用，通过潜意识机制，使阈下气味对人类的行为和感知产生深远的影响。
Paradoxically, although humans have a superb sense of smell, they don’t trust their nose. Furthermore, although human odorant detection thresholds are very low, only unusually high odorant concentrations spontaneously shift our attention to olfaction. Here we suggest that this lack of olfactory awareness reflects the nature of olfactory attention that is shaped by the spatial and temporal envelopes of olfaction. Regarding the spatial envelope, selective attention is allocated in space. Humans direct an attentional spotlight within spatial coordinates in both vision and audition. Human olfactory spatial abilities are minimal. Thus, with no olfactory space, there is no arena for olfactory selective attention. Regarding the temporal envelope, whereas vision and audition consist of nearly continuous input, olfactory input is discreet, made of sniffs widely separated in time. If similar temporal breaks are artificially introduced to vision and audition, they induce “change blindness”, a loss of attentional capture that results in a lack of awareness to change. Whereas “change blindness” is an aberration of vision and audition, the long inter-sniff-interval renders “change anosmia” the norm in human olfaction. Therefore, attentional capture in olfaction is minimal, as is human olfactory awareness. All this, however, does not diminish the role of olfaction through sub-attentive mechanisms allowing subliminal smells a profound influence on human behavior and perception.
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影响因子：
25
作者：
Barnes, Dylan C.;Hofacer, Rylon D.;Zaman, Ashiq R.;Rennaker, Robert L.;Wilson, Donald A.
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
2.4
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通讯作者：
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